Incretins today: multiple effects and therapeutic potential
https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9841
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the incretin hormones initially discovered in the 1960s. GIP and GLP-1 have gained great scientific interest due to their properties in increasing insulin secretion and lowering blood glucose levels. The study of these incretin hormones has progressed substantially in recent decades, in that their systemic effects has begun to be actively discussed. In particular, incretins are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, incretins are able to improve cognitive function, suppress the formation of β-amyloid plaques and provide an oncoprotective effect. Recent data show promising oncoprotective effect of GLP-1 agonists on prostate and breast cancer.
This review provides systematisation of recent data on the role and mechanisms of action of incretin hormones on carbohydrate metabolism, as well as effects not related to glucose homeostasis, which contributes to a better understanding of potential vectors for the development of incretinotropic therapy. In addition, this review offers insight into pathogenic prerequisites and highlights the current issues in creating innovative polyagonists for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
About the Authors
Oksana V. TsygankovaInstitution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Medical; Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
ScD, associate professor
Varvara V. Veretyuk
City Outpatient Clinic No.20
Russian Federation
internist
Alexander S. Ametov
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Russian Federation
MD, PhD, Professor
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Supplementary files
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1. Fig. 1. Biological effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1. Graphic elements of Servier Medical Art, https://smart.servier.com (adapted [6, 17, 19, 27]). | |
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2. Fig. 2. Polygonists of intestinal hormones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (adapted [54]). | |
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3. Fig. 3. Diagram of the physiological effects of multiagonists that affect the receptors of glucagon-like peptide-1 / glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 / glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 / glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide / glucagon (adapted [54]). | |
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Tsygankova O.V., Veretyuk V.V., Ametov A.S. Incretins today: multiple effects and therapeutic potential. Diabetes mellitus. 2019;22(1):70-78. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9841
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