Клеточная терапия метаболических заболеваний с использованием графтов адипоцитарного происхождения: экспериментальные подходы и клинические перспективы

Метаболические заболевания на сегодняшний день являются существенными факторами инвалидизации и смертности населения в РФ. Современная фармакология предлагает немало инструментов контроля гликемии, однако их эффекты на снижение веса пациентов очень ограничены. Для липодистрофий в настоящее время терапия отсутствует за исключением симптоматической. В связи с этим, развитие тканевой инженерии в сочетании с генетическими технологиями является ключевым фактором в создании новых подходов к терапии метаболических заболеваний. В представленной обзорной статье описываются различные подходы тканевой инженерии к формированию графтов адипоцитарного происхождения. Сегодня для этих целей применяются самые разные клетки — это и мезенхимные стромальные клетки жировой ткани, которые являются прогениторами зрелых адипоцитов и компонентами клеточной ниши жировой ткани, и метаболически здоровые адипоциты, и термогенные адипоциты. Клетки используются как в нативном состоянии, так и с использованием самых различных вариантов генетической модификации. Представленный обзор интегрирует знания о трансплантации различных производных жировой ткани в различных тканеинженерных форматах для терапии основных метаболических заболеваний, к которым относятся липодистрофии, ожирение и сахарный диабет 2 типа. Результаты обзора могут дать существенный импульс к развитию новых подходов к терапии метаболических заболеваний.

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