Some mechanisms of inflammation development in type 2 diabetes mellitus
https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12746
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a disease characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and systemic glucolipotoxicity. The main source of inflammation in the early stages of the disease is visceral adipose tissue (VT). Macrophages are innate immune cells that are present in all peripheral tissues, including VT. Violation of the response of VT (MT) macrophages to changes in the microenvironment underlies aberrant inflammation and the development of local and systemic insulin resistance. The inflammatory activation of macrophages is regulated at several levels: stimulation of cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling, transcription, and metabolic levels. Which are activated by the transformation of macrophages along the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways. Such polarization of macrophages in modern immunology is divided into classical anti-inflammatory M1 polarization and alternative anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophages. The M1 / M2 ratio of macrophages in the process of inflammation ensures the resolution of inflammation at different stages of its development. The review considers the main mechanisms involved in VT inflammation and the development of insulin resistance in T2DM, supported with the participation of immunocompetent cells, M1 / M2, as well as growth factors and humoral immunity factors secreted during this process.
About the Authors
L. A. Bochkareva
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Leyla A. Bochkareva, MD, PhD student
Moscow
L. V. Nedosugova
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ludmila V. Nedosugova, MD, PhD, Professor
8/2 Trubetskaya, 119991 Moscow
eLibrary SPIN: 1853-0215
N. A. Petunina
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nina A. Petunina, MD, PhD, Professor
eLibrary SPIN: 9784-3616
Moscow
M. Е. Теlnova
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Milena Е. Теlnova, MD, PhD, associate Professor
eLibrary SPIN: 1007-4617
Moscow
E. V. Goncharova
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina V. Goncharova, MD, PhD, associate Professor
eLibrary SPIN: 7148-4669
Moscow
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Bochkareva L.A., Nedosugova L.V., Petunina N.A., Теlnova M.Е., Goncharova E.V. Some mechanisms of inflammation development in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2021;24(4):334-341. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12746
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