Фактор транскрипции 7 (TCF7L2): фактор риска развития сахарного диабета 2 типа

Влияние генетических факторов на развитие сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) крайне многогранно и до сих пор остается одним из главных вопросов диабетологии. В 2006 г. важным шагом в поиске генетических факторов развития СД2 стала идентификация гена TCF7L2, который является важным маркером предрасположенности к СД2 почти у всех этнических групп. Недавние генетические исследования выявили множество новых генов, ассоциированных с повышенным риском развития СД2. Среди этих генов TCF7L2 оказался наиболее многообещающим, связанным с СД2. Генотипы TCF7L2 оказывают влияние на развитие бета-клеток поджелудочной железы и секрецию инсулина, воздействуя на сигнальный путь Wnt. Определенные полиморфизмы гена TCF7L2 увеличивают риск развития СД2, изменяя экспрессию фактора транскрипции (который играет ключевую роль в регуляции уровня глюкозы в крови) в поджелудочной железе. Цель данной статьи — представить всесторонний обзор исследований по ассоциации полиморфизма TCF7L2 с СД2, проведенных в различных этнических группах во всем мире.

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