Trends in the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016)
https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9797
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that is why it’s necessary to study the epidemiological characteristics of this complication.
Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of DR and blindness in adult patients with type 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) diabetes in Russian Federation (RF) for period 2013–16years.
Materials and methods: Database of Federal Diabetes register, 81st regions included in the online register. Indicators were estimated per 10,000 adult DM patients (>18years).
Results: In 2016 the DR prevalence in RF was T1 38,3%, T2 15,0%, with marked interregional differences: 2,6–66,1%, 1,1–46,4%, respectively. The DR prevalence within 2013→2016 years was: T1 3830,9→3805,6; T2 1586,0→1497,0. Trend of new DR cases/per year increased: T1 153,2→187,8; T2 99,7→114,9. The structure of new cases of DR in 2016: non-proliferative stage (T1 71,4%, T2 80,3%), pre-proliferative stage 16,4%, 13,8%, proliferative 12,1%, 5,8%, terminal 0,2%, 0,1%, respectively, these data indicated the earlier detection of DR. The mean age of DR diagnosis increased: T1 by 1,2 years, T2 by 2,6. The average DM duration of DR determine increased T1 9,6→13,1 years, T2 6,0→9,1. The prevalence of blindness tends to decrease: T1 92,3→90,8; T2 15,4→15,2/10.000 DM adults. The amount of new cases of blindness/per year increased: T1 4,3→4,6; T2 1,2→1,4. The mean age of blindness increased: T1 39,1→41,6 years, T2 64,4→67,4; the mean duration of diabetes before blindness occur (from the time of DM diagnosis) increased: T1 20,2→21,2 years, in T2 10,7→11,3. We observed growth of DR treatment (laser surgery, vitrectomy, anti-VEGF medication) but the frequency of use in T2 patients is about 2 times less than in T1.
Conclusions: There was a decrease in the overall incidence of eye damage in diabetes (DR and blindness) in the analyzed period in RF. DR and blindness develops at advanced age and with a longer duration of diabetes. As the main directions of eye care development in diabetes it is necessary to standardize primary care in the regions, to unify the examination algorithms and methods of early diagnostic, to increase the continuity and interaction of endocrinologists and ophthalmologists in managing patients with diabetes in order to prevent the development of new cases of vision loss.
About the Authors
Dmitry V. LipatovEndocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, PhD, Professor
Olga K. Vikulova
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, PhD, associate professor
Competing Interests:
Anna V. Zheleznyakova
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, PhD
Mikhail А. Isakov
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, PhD in Biology
Elena G. Bessmertnaya
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, PhD
Anna A. Tolkacheva
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD
Timofey A. Chistyakov
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, research associate
Marina V. Shestakova
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, PhD, Professor
Ivan I. Dedov
Endocrinology Research Center
Russian Federation
MD, PhD, Professor
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Supplementary files
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1. Fig. 1. Dynamics of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and blindness among adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes according to the Federal Target Program in 2007, 2012 and the Federal Register of Diabetes in 2016 (% of the number of patients). | |
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2. Fig. 2. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy / 10 thousand adult patients with diabetes mellitus in 2013–2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (according to the data of the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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3. Fig. 3. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy (new cases / year) / 10 thousand adult patients with diabetes mellitus in 2013–2016. (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes, 81 regions of the Russian Federation). | |
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4. Fig. 4. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in 10 thousand adult patients with type 1 diabetes, 2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (data from the Federal Register of Diabetes). | |
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5. Fig. 5. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in 10 thousand adult patients with type 2 diabetes, 2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (data from the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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6. Fig. 6. Distribution by stages of diabetic retinopathy in adult patients in 2013–2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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7. Fig. 7. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy depending on the duration of diabetes mellitus, 2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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8. Fig. 8. The average age of patients and the duration of diabetes mellitus before the development of diabetic retinopathy, 2013–2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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9. Fig. 9. The prevalence of blindness in 10 thousand adult patients with diabetes mellitus, 2013–2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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10. Fig. 10. Incidence rates of blindness (new cases / year) / 10 thousand adult patients with diabetes mellitus, 2013–2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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11. Fig. 11. The frequency of secondary complications in patients with diabetic retinopathy (% of the number of patients with DR), 2013–2016, 81 regions (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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12. Fig. 12. The incidence of secondary complications (blindness and glaucoma) in patients with diabetic retinopathy, depending on the stage of retinopathy (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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13. Fig. 13. The average age and duration of diabetes mellitus before the development of blindness, 2013–2016, 81 regions of the Russian Federation (according to the data of the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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14. Fig. 14. Frequency of using various methods of treating diabetic retinopathy (in% of the number of patients with diabetic retinopathy), 2013–2016, 81 regions (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus). | |
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15. Fig. 15. The frequency of use of various methods of treatment, depending on the stage of diabetic retinopathy in adult patients (according to the Federal Register of Diabetes). | |
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Review
For citations:
Lipatov D.V., Vikulova O.K., Zheleznyakova A.V., Isakov M.А., Bessmertnaya E.G., Tolkacheva A.A., Chistyakov T.A., Shestakova M.V., Dedov I.I. Trends in the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016). Diabetes mellitus. 2018;21(4):230-240. https://doi.org/10.14341/DM9797

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