Метаболические особенности и терапевтический потенциал бурой и ?бежевой? жировой ткани

По данным Международной Диабетической Федерации (IDF), в России 10,9 млн больных страдают сахарным диабетом (СД), тогда как зарегистрировано всего около 4 млн пациентов; у 11,9 млн человек имеется нарушенная толерантность к глюкозе и нарушенная гликемия натощак [1].
Одним из наиболее весомых факторов риска развития СД 2 типа (CД2) является ожирение, которое усиливает имеющуюся инсулинорезистентность (ИР). Последняя является основным патогенетическим звеном СД2.
По современным представлениям, существует три типа жировой ткани: белая (white adipose tissue, WAT), бурая (brown adipose tissue, BAT) и ?бежевая?, последние две обладают термогенной функцией. По результатам проведенных исследований выяснены основные этапы развития адипоцитов, однако единой точки зрения на образование ?бежевых? адипоцитов не получено. На данный момент активно изучается биология BAT и ?бежевой? жировой ткани. Так, выявлены основные транскрипционные факторы/сигнальные пути/гормоны, способствующие развитию и активации данных тканей. Наиболее обсуждаемыми гормонами являются ирисин и фактор роста фибробластов 21 (FGF21). Выяснено положительное влияние BAT и ?бежевой? жировой ткани на углеводный, липидный и энергетический обмены. Основными методами визуализации BAT являются ПЭТ-КТ с18.
фтордезоксиглюкозой (18.
FDG) и МР-спектроскопия.
В условиях эпидемии ожирения и ассоциированных с ним заболеваний (в том числе СД2), повышается интерес к изучению адипогенеза и возможностей влияния на данный процесс. BAT и ?бежевая? жировая ткань могут быть мишенью для разработки препаратов против ожирения и СД2.

инсулинорезистентность, сахарный диабет 2 типа, бурая жировая ткань, ?бежевая? жировая ткань

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