Efficacious and safe control of glycemia using Apidra insulin
https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5492
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a stably growing pathology leading to micro- and macrovascular complications. Despite high potential of medicamentaltherapy for DM its efficacy needs to be further improved. Uncompensated postprandial hyperglycemia is known to be responsible for many diabeticcomplications. Moreover, it by itself aggravates disturbances of insulin secretion through the toxic effect of glucose. Insulin therapy remains a principaltool for the treatment of DM. Its efficiency was greatly improved with the advent of fast-acting insulin analogs obtained by reducing stability of hexamers.Insulin glulysine (Apidra) is the fastest-acting analog licensed for the treatment of DM1 and DM2 in adult patients in 2004 (FDA, EMEA) andin children above 6 years in 2008 (EMEA). A characteristic feature of this analog is the absence of Zn2+ in its molecule that substitutes polysorbate-20 acting as a surfactant and providing additional protection of monomers from denaturation.
About the Authors
Elena Valer'evna Biryukova
ГОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет, Москва
Maria Alexandrovna Garbuzova
ГОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет, Москва
References
1. DeWitt D.E., Hirch I.B. Outpatient insulin therapy in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus // JAMA. - 2003. 289(17). - Р. 2254-2264.
2. Liebl A., Neiss A., Spannheimer A. et al. Complications, co-morbidity, and blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Germany - results from the CODE-2 study // Exp. Clin. Enocrinol. Diabetes. - 2002. - 110. - Р. 10-16.
3. Haffner S.M., Lehto S., Rönnemaa T. et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction // N. Engl. J. Med. 1998. 339. Р. 229-234.
4. Dahl-Jorgensen K., Larsen J.R., Hanssen K.F. Atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes: early disease, early treatment? // Diabetologia. - 2005. - 48. - Р. 1445-1453.
5. Monnier L., Lapinski H., Colette C. Contributions of fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hypergly-cemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA1c // Diabetes Care. - 2003. - 26. - Р. 881-885.
6. Ceriello A. Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat? // Diabetes. - 2005. - 54. - Р. 1-7.
7. Home P.D. Postprandial hyperglycaemia: mechanisms and importance // Diabetes Obesity Metab. - 2000. - 2 (Suppl 1). - P. S7-11.
8. Lefebvre P.J., Scheen A.J. The postprandial state and the risk of cardiovascular disease // Diabet. Med. - 1998. - 15(Suppl 4). - S63-68.
9. Hanefeld M., Koehler C., Schaper F. et al. Postprandial plasma glu-cose is an independent risk factor for increased carotid intima-media thickness in non-diabetic individuals // Atherosclerosis. - 1999. - 144. - Р. 229-235.
10. The DECODE Study Group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison off WHO and ADA diagnostic criteria // Lancet. - 1999. - 354. - Р. 617-621.
11. Gerich J.E. Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia // Arch. Intern. Med. - 2003. - 163. - Р. 1306-1316.
12. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, 4-й вы- пуск. - М., 2009.
13. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with con-ventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) // Lancet. - 1998. - 352. - Р. 837-853.
14. Berger M., Cuppers H.J., Hegner H. et al. Absorption kinetics and biologic effects of subcutaneously injected insulin preparations // Diabetes Care. - 1982. - 5. - Р. 77-91.
15. Jorgensen L.N., Dideriksen L., Drejer K. Carcinogenic effect of the human insulin anologue B10 Asp in female rats // Diabetologia. - 1992. - (Abstract A3).
16. Jehle P.M., Fussganger R.D., Seibold A. et al. Pharmacodynamics of insulin Lis Pro in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus // Int. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. - 1996. - 34. - Р. 498-503.
17. Vivian et al. Insulin Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus // The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. - 2004. - 38. - Р. 1916-1923.
18. Mosekilde E., Jensen K.S., Binder C., Pramming S., Thorsteinsson B. Modeling absorption kinetics of subcutaneous injected soluble insulin // J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm. - 1989. - 17. - Р. 67-87.
19. Bott S., Tusek C., Heinemann L., Friberg H.H., Heise T. The pharma-cokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biphasic insulin Aspart 70 are significantly different from those of biphasic insulin Aspart 30 // Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. - 2005. - 113. - Р. 545-550.
20. Becker R.H., Frick A.D., Burget F. et al. A comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel rapid-acting insulin glulisine, regular human insulin in healthy volunteers using the euglycemic clamp technique // Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. - 2005. - 113. - Р. 292-297.
21. Drever M., Prager R., Robinson A. et al. Efficacy and safety of insulin glulisine in patients with Type 1 diabetes // Horm. Metab. Res. - 2005. - 37.- Р. 702-707.
22. Heise T., Nosek L., Spitzer H. et al. Insulin glulisine: a faster onset of action compared with insulin lispro // Diabetes Obes. Metab. - 2007. - 9. - Р. 746-753.
23. European Medicines Agency, European Public Assessment Report. www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/apidra/121804enl.pdf.
24. Becker R.H., Frick A.D. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacody-namics of insulin glulisine // Clin. Pharmacokinet. - 2008. - 47. - Р. 7-20.
25. Li D., Yin X., Zmuda E.S. et al. The repression of IRS2 gene by ATF3, a stress-inducible gene, contributes to pancreatic -cell apoptosis // Diabetes. - 2008. - 57. Р. - 635-644.
26. Rakatzi I., Seipke G., Eckel S. [Lis B3, Glu B29] insulin^ a novel insulin analog with enhanced -ceel protective action // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. - 2003. - 310. - 852-859.
27. Frick A.D., Becker R.H., Wessels D.H., Schoitz H.E. Pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic profiles of insulin glulisine: an evaluation following subcutaneous administration at various injection sites // Diabetologia. - 2003. - Р. 46.
28. Danne T., Becker R.H., Heis T. et al. Pharmacokinetics, prandial glucose control, safety of insulin glulisine in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes // Diabetes Care. - 2005. - 28. - Р. 2100-2155.
29. Garg S.K., Rosenstock J., Ways K. Optimized bazal-bolus insulin regimens in Type 1 diabetes, insulin glulisine versus regular human insulin in combination with Bazal insulin glargine // Endocr. Pract. - 2005. - 11. - Р. 11-17.
30. Bernett A.H. How well do rapid-acting insulin work in obese individuals // Diabetes Obes. Metab. - 2006. - 8. - Р. 388-395.
Review
For citations:
Biryukova E.V., Garbuzova M.A. Efficacious and safe control of glycemia using Apidra insulin. Diabetes mellitus. 2010;13(3):72-77. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5492
Views:
7499
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Email this article 
