Comparison of epidemiological indicators in type 1 diabetes mellitus in Moscow for 2018 and 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a socially significant disease with a high prevalence. To improve the quality of medical care, disease registries are used all over the world, which allow us to analyze various indicators and assess their dynamics.

AIM: Analysis of epidemiological indicators of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in Moscow in 2025 compared with similar indicators in 2018 according to the State Register of Diabetes Mellitus (SRDM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on the basis of the database of the Moscow segment of the State Register of Diabetes Mellitus (SRDM) as of 31.12.2025, in which 21 296 adult patients with DM1 were registered at the time of the study. The study is a full-design retrospective cohort analytical epidemiological study.

RESULTS: From 2018 to 2025, the number of patients with DM1 increased by 19.4%. At the same time, there was no significant dynamics in the level of HbA1c and the proportion of patients who reached the HbA1c level of less than 7.0%. The reported prevalence of diabetes complications increased from 55.1% to 63.1% during the study period. The most common complications, as in 2018, are: diabetic neuropathy (50.2%), diabetic retinopathy (31.4%) and diabetic nephropathy (24.9%) (Fig. 7). Most often, patients with DM1 receive basic insulin therapy using insulin analogues. At the same time, the proportion of patients using only an ultra-short insulin analog with an insulin dispenser (pump) increased from 4.2% to 11.9%.

CONCLUSION: According to the State Register of Diabetes Mellitus (SRDM) there has been an increase in the number of patients with DM1, as well as the reported incidence of its complications. Diabetic polyneuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy are most often detected. More than 90% of patients receive human insulin analogues in multiple injection regimens or using insulin dispensers.