Влияние циркадных ритмов на углеводный обмен в норме и при сахарном диабете

Большинство процессов в организме человека и других живых организмов подчинено биоритмам. Под термином «Биоритмы» понимают периодически повторяющиеся изменения биологических процессов. Биологические ритмы наследственно закреплены и являются важнейшими факторами естественного отбора и адаптации организмов. Циркадные ритмы у человека регулируются центральными и периферическими часами. Центральные часы расположены в супрахиазматическом ядре (СЯГ) переднего гипоталамуса, а периферические часы находятся в различных тканях и органах организма человека, включая мозг, поджелудочную железу, печень, жировую ткань, желудочно-кишечный тракт и мышцы. Внешние и внутренние сигналы находятся в постоянной синхронизации и обеспечивают гомеостаз. Несоответствие внутренних биологических часов с внешними сигналами может приводить к десинхронизации циркадных ритмов. Десинхронизация циркадного ритма может приводить к возникновению метаболически-ассоциированных заболеваний, в том числе к развитию сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2), ожирению и к худшему контролю гликемии. В этой статье рассматриваются влияние циркадных ритмов на биологические процессы и на секрецию гормонов, также связь между циркадными ритмами и метаболизмом глюкозы у людей с СД2 и нормогликемией.

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