Этнофармакологические аспекты управления сахарным диабетом: исследование лекарственной флоры Шиваликского хребта Гималаев в Уттаракханде

Сахарный диабет (СД) — это хроническое метаболическое расстройство, которое часто приводит к угрожающим жизни заболеваниям и постоянно снижает ожидаемую продолжительность жизни. Он характеризуется гипергликемией, возникающей в результате нарушения секреции инсулина, его действия или того и другого. На протяжении тысячелетий наши предки использовали лекарственные растения для профилактики, лечения или даже излечения СД. В последние два-три десятилетия использование этих травяных растений стремительно возросло благодаря их меньшей токсичности и экономической эффективности по сравнению с синтетическими препаратами. В этом обзоре описано около 30 лекарственных растений, которые являются родными для Индии и традиционно используются жителями Шиваликского хребта Гималаев в Уттаракханде (особенно в Дехрадуне и Харидваре) для лечения СД. Данные о этих растениях были собраны из Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MDPI, Google Scholar и других поисковых систем и веб-сайтов. Обзор представлен в систематизированном виде, включая ботаническое название, семью, народные названия, используемые части и фармакологическое применение растений в табличной форме. Имеются различные научные доказательства применения некоторых лекарственных растений, которые также упоминаются вместе с кратким описанием каждого из них. Все растения и травы, рассмотренные в этом обзоре, легко доступны в этих районах Уттаракханда, и местные жители традиционно используют их как овощи, приправы и ароматизаторы, обычно включая в свой рацион. Существуют некоторые ограничения фитотерапии, которые не позволяют ей полностью заменить аллопатическую терапию, такие как низкая биодоступность, медленная скорость абсорбции и медленная скорость растворения. Однако с использованием различных современных лекарственных форм (фитосомы, неосомы, липосомы, наночастицы, нанопузырьки, наноалмазы, наношары и т. д.) и методов доставки (различные инвазивные и неинвазивные методы), можно обойти все проблемы, связанные с потенцией и эффективностью фитохимических веществ.

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