The role of advanced glycation end products in patogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12784
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease are the diseases that have exceeded epidemic thresholds in terms of prevalence all over the world. That made it possible to classify them as non-communicable epidemics of the XXI century. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is implicated with high levels of disablement and mortality. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) play a key role in the progression of DN. Increased formation of AGE occurs due to hyperglycemia under the conditions of diabetes. Moreover, there are additional factors in DN that increase the elaboration of AGE, such as high levels of oxidative stress and decreased renal clearance which slows down the AGE excretion. Both immediate effects of AGE and interaction of AGE with its cell-bound receptor (RAGE) result in a сascade of events that lead to further progression of DN. Thus, the research of the new therapeutic approaches targeted on the AGE-RAGE system is of great interest to slow progression of DN and improve the prognosis.
About the Authors
A. O. Gavrilova
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Alina O. Gavrilova, PhD student; eLibrary SPIN: 8814-0121.
11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow
Competing Interests:
no
A. S. Severina
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Anastasia S. Severina - MD, PhD, senior research associate; eLibrary SPIN: 3182-9510
Moscow
Competing Interests:
no
M. S. Shamhalova
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Minara S. Shamhalova - MD, PhD; eLibrary SPIN: 4942-5481
Moscow
Competing Interests:
no
M. V. Shestakova
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Marina V. Shestakova - MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 7584-7015
Moscow
Competing Interests:
no
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1. Figure 1. Mechanism of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). A - classic reaction of AGE formation (Maillard reaction); B - AGE formation reactions due to the transformation of intermediate compounds formed during the Maillard reaction. Adapted from [1]. | |
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2. Figure 2. Different interactions between AGE and RAGE and their associated effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN): AGE - glycation end products; RAGE - AGE receptor; sRAGE, soluble RAGE; other AGE receptors: AGE-R1 - oligosaccharyltransferase-48; AGE-R2 - 80 K-H phosphoprotein; AGE-R3 - galectin-3; EN-RAGE, also known as S100A12, RAGE ligand; TGF-β1 - transforming growth factor-β1; ZEB2 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2) is a transcription factor of the zinc finger family that controls the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; NF-kB - nuclear factor-kappa B. | |
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Gavrilova A.O., Severina A.S., Shamhalova M.S., Shestakova M.V. The role of advanced glycation end products in patogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus. 2021;24(5):461-469. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12784
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