On the centenary of the insulin discovery
https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12733
Abstract
The discovery of insulin and the beginning of its use in 1921–1922 made a revolution in endocrinology and in medicine in general. This significant event gave millions of patients with diabetes not only the opportunity to live, but also the hope that their life with this disease would be full.
The article examines the history of insulin discovery, as well as the evolution of several generations of insulin preparations and the advantages of each of the generations that have radically changed not only life expectancy, but also its quality.
The first generation — insulins of animal origin and the solution of the first tasks of their sufficient production and purification. The next generation is human insulins, the purification of which was also a problem. The third generation is insulin analogues, the action of which became closer to the action profile of natural insulin. And the last generation — insulin analogues, most closely mimicking the action of endogenous insulin.
Along with the development of insulin preparations, the article traces the evolution of the devices of its administration.
About the Authors
I. I. Dedov
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ivan I. Dedov, MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 5873-2280
Moscow
M. V. Shestakova
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Marina V. Shestakova, MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 7584-7015
11 Dm. Ulyanova street, Moscow, 117036
References
1. Dedov II, Shestakova MV. Sakharnyi diabet tipa 1: realii i perspektivy. M.: MIA; 2016. (In Russ.).
2. Rowe AH, Garrison OH. Lipodystrophy: atrophy and tumefaction of subcutaneous tissue due to insulin injections. JAMA. 1932;99:16-18.
3. Hildebrandt P. Subcutaneous absorption of insulin in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Influences of species, physico-chemical properties of insulin and physiological factors. Dan Med Bull. 1991;38(4):337-346.
4. Hyllested-Winge J, Sparre T, Kynemund Pedersen L. NovoPen Echo® insulin delivery device. Med Devices (Auckl). 2016;9:11-18 https://doi.org/10.2147/MDER.S59229.
5. Shah R, Patel M, Maahs D, Shah V. Insulin delivery methods: Past, present and future. Int J Pharm Investig. 2016;6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-973X.176456
6. Heise T, Nosek L, Ronn BB, et al. Lower Within-Subject Variability of Insulin Detemir in Comparison to NPH Insulin and Insulin Glargine in People With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53(6):1614-1620. http://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.53.6.1614
7. Dedov II, Shestakova MV. Insulin degludec is a new ultra-long-acting insulin analogue. Diabetes mellitus. 2014;17(2):91-104 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/DM2014291-104
8. Becker RH, Dahmen R, Bergmann K, et al. New insulin glargine 300 Units/mL-1 provides a more even activity profile and prolonged glycemic control at steady state compared with insulin glargine 100 Units/mL-1. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(4):637-643. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-0006
9. Davis A, Kuriakose J, Clements JN. Faster Insulin Aspart: A New Bolus Option for Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2019;58(4):421-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-018-0696-8
10. Dedov II, Balabolkin MI. Vozmozhnosti i problemy transplantatsii beta-kletok podzheludochnoy zhelezy pri sakharnom diabete. Diabetes mellitus. 2005;8(2):42-52. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5781
11. Pellegrini S, Sordi V, Piemonti L. Beta-cell transplantation in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2013;16(3):11-20 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-812
12. Kovatchev BP, Breton M, Man CD, Cobelli C. In silico preclinical trials: a proof of concept in closed-loop control of type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(1):44-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/193229680900300106
13. Kesavadev J, Saboo B, Krishna MB, et al. Evolution of Insulin Delivery Devices: From Syringes, Pens, and Pumps to DIY Artificial Pancreas. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11:1251-1269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00831-z
Review
For citations:
Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V. On the centenary of the insulin discovery. Diabetes mellitus. 2021;24(1):11-16. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12733
Views:
15620
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Email this article 
