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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM12733</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12733</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История медицины</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>The History</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К столетию открытия инсулина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the centenary of the insulin discovery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-7886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дедов Иван Иванович, д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН; eLibrary SPIN: 5873-2280Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan I. Dedov, MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 5873-2280Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dedov@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестакова Марина Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН; eLibrary SPIN: 7584-7015117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Shestakova, MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 7584-701511 Dm. Ulyanova street, Moscow, 117036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12733">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12733</self-uri><abstract><p>Открытие инсулина и начало его использования в 1921–1922 гг. совершили переворот как в эндокринологии, так и медицине в целом. Это знаменательное событие подарило миллионам больных сахарным диабетом не только саму возможность жить, но и надежду на то, чтобы жизнь с этим заболеванием была полноценной.</p><p>В статье рассматриваются история открытия инсулина, а также эволюция нескольких поколений препаратов этого гормона и тех преимуществ каждого из поколений, которые кардинальным образом изменили не только продолжительность жизни, но и ее качество.</p><p>Первое поколение — инсулины животного происхождения и решения первых задач по их достаточному производству и очистке. Следующее поколение — человеческие инсулины, очистка которых также была важной проблемой. Третье поколение — аналоги инсулина, действие которых стало ближе к профилю действия природного инсулина. И последнее поколение — аналоги инсулина, наиболее близко имитирующие действие инсулина человека.</p><p>Наряду с развитием препаратов инсулина в статье прослеживается эволюция средств его введения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The discovery of insulin and the beginning of its use in 1921–1922 made a revolution in endocrinology and in medicine in general. This significant event gave millions of patients with diabetes not only the opportunity to live, but also the hope that their life with this disease would be full.</p><p>The article examines the history of insulin discovery, as well as the evolution of several generations of insulin preparations and the advantages of each of the generations that have radically changed not only life expectancy, but also its quality.</p><p>The first generation — insulins of animal origin and the solution of the first tasks of their sufficient production and purification. The next generation is human insulins, the purification of which was also a problem. The third generation is insulin analogues, the action of which became closer to the action profile of natural insulin. And the last generation — insulin analogues, most closely mimicking the action of endogenous insulin.</p><p>Along with the development of insulin preparations, the article traces the evolution of the devices of its administration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулин</kwd><kwd>100 лет</kwd><kwd>аналоги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulin</kwd><kwd>100 years</kwd><kwd>analogues</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В. Сахарный диабет типа 1: реалии и перспективы. М.: МИА; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV. Sakharnyi diabet tipa 1: realii i perspektivy. 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