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The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Male hypogonadism is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2; therefore, a study of its clinical and epidemiological characteristics is of interest.


AIMS: Assessment of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hypogonadism in men with diabetes mellitus type 2.


METHODS: A full-design, cross-sectional, screening, multicenter, non-interventional study included men with diabetes mellitus type 2. The study was conducted from November 2017 to January 2019.Medical history assessment, sexological testing, estimation of luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin; total testosterone and glycated hemoglobin were performed. Free testosterone was calculated by the Vermeullen method. Comparison of groups was carried out using Yates’s corrected version of chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearman’s rank correlation method was also used. Differences were considered statistically significant with p <0,05.


RESULTS: The age of 554 men included in the study was 55 [50; 58] years, total testosterone level was 12,5 [9,1; 16,4] nmol/L; free testosterone was 0,266 [0,205; 0,333] nmol/L; HbA1c 7,2 [6,2; 8,9] %. Hypogonadism syndrome was detected in 181 men (32,7%). Total testosterone level in these patients was 7,8 [6,5; 9,4] nmol/L, and free testosterone level was 0,182 [0,152; 0,217] nmol/L. In patients without hypogonadism, these parameters were 14,7 [12,4; 18,0] nmol/L and 0,308 [0,265; 0,362] nmol/L, respectively. In most cases, patients with hypogonadism had normal, but lower LH levels of 3,3 [2,2; 4,9] U/L compared with patients without hypogonadism 3,8 [2,7; 4,9], p = 0,022. Most often, normogonadotropic hypogonadism was detected (89,5%). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between total testosterone levels and body mass index (r = -0,24; p <0,001), and waist circumference (r = -0,21; p<0,001). The prevalence of decreased libido in patients with hypogonadism (66,8%) is statistically significantly higher than that in men without hypogonadism (56,3%, p = 0,022).


CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypogonadism syndrome in men with diabetes mellitus type 2 is 32,7%. This type of hypogonadism is characterized by normal LH values.

About the Authors

Galina A. Mel'nichenko
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS



Marina V. Shestakova
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

MD, PhD, Professor



Roman V. Rozhivanov
Endocrinology Research Centre
Russian Federation

MD, PhD


Competing Interests:

Payment of fees from Besins Helskea RUS (Besins Healthcare RUS) in 2017–2019. for lecturing



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Mel'nichenko G.A., Shestakova M.V., Rozhivanov R.V. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2019;22(6):536-541. (In Russ.)

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ISSN 2072-0351 (Print)
ISSN 2072-0378 (Online)