Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus Indicators in the Russian Federation, updated January 1, 2026

BACKGROUND. The system for clinical and epidemiological monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Russian Federation (RF) was established by Endocrinology Research Centre in 1996 as part of the Federal Program "Diabetes Mellitus." The DM database (previously the registry) has become a key tool for analyzing the most important indicators of patients with DM, necessary for assessing the clinical status and the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of care and make management decisions in healthcare.

AIMS. To analyze epidemiological and clinical-therapeutic DM indicators: prevalence, incidence, age of onset, carbohydrate metabolism control and the proportion of obese patients, changes in the structure of hypoglycemic therapy (HLT), the prevalence of diabetic complications in the Russian population of DM patients in the RF.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Research object: "Database of Clinical and Epidemiological Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus in the Russian Federation," including patients with diabetes mellitus from 89 regions of the Russian Federation (Registration Certificate No. 2020622447, http://diaregistry.ru), copyright holder: Endocrinology Research Centre. Data extraction date: January 1, 2026. The data are presented as of 01.01.2026 and in dynamics.

RESULTS. The total number of DM patients in the RF as of 01.01.2026 was 5,814,928 (3.9% of the Russian population), of which 308,605 (5.3%) had type 1 diabetes (T1DM), 5,366,995 (92.3%) had type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and 139,328 (2.4%) had other types of diabetes. Over 30 years of clinical and epidemiological monitoring in the period 1996–2025, the prevalence increased as follows: T1DM by 3.3 times from 62.0 to 205.7/100 thousand population, T2DM by 8.6 times — from 416.6 to 3569.0/100 thousand population. The incidence increased in T1DM by 1.3 times from 6.3 to 8.1/100 thousand population; in T2DM by 4 times from 55.9 to 259.8/100 thousand population. Among the causes of death, cardiovascular (CV) pathology (heart attack, stroke, heart failure, acute CV disorders) ranks first, accounting for 36.9% T1DM and 51.1% of T2DM. Life time with diabetes in the period 2010–2025 increased: T1DM 15.3→20.4 years, T2DM 10.2→11.8 years. The number of patients with the target HbA1c level <7% in 2010–2025: T1DM 24.4%→32.5%, T2DM 41.4%→48.4%. The dynamics of prevalence of the main diabetic complications in adult patients in 2010→2025 with T1DM/T2DM was: diabetic coma 2.5%→1.4%/0.15%→0.03%, neuropathy 43.8%→47.4%/22.3%→22.9%; chronic kidney disease (CKD) 21.0%→26.3%/5.1%→23.1%; diabetic retinopathy 38.5%→32.3%/17.2%→10.7%; diabetic foot syndrome 5.2%→2.9%/2.3%→1.0%; myocardial infarction 1.5%→1.1%/4.0%→3.4%; coronary heart disease (CHD) 5.1%→2.3%/14.9%→8.3%; chronic heart failure (CHF) 0.1%→0.9%/0.5%→3.8%; cerebrovascular disease 1.9%→1.3%/4.6%→4.0%; amputations 1.4%→1.3%/0.7%→0.79%. Traditional medications predominate in the structure of cardiovascular diseases in T2DM: metformin accounted for 75.7%, sulfonylureas 36.9%, and insulins 17.7%. iDPP4, iSGLT2 and arGLP1 were more often prescribed in patients with concomitant CKD, CHF, and high CV risk.

CONCLUSIONS. The obtained data, based on long-term dynamic clinical and epidemiological monitoring of diabetes mellitus, demonstrate the effectiveness of systematization and control the most important characteristics of diabetes on a single platform, which allows for the implementation of disease management strategies in clinical practice by optimizing the patient management algorithms.

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