Пролактин, эстроген, HbA1c и интерлейкин-12 у незамужних курящих женщин Ирака

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Курение нарушает эндокринную систему, изменяя уровни ключевых гормонов, таких как эстроген (E2) и пролактин (PRL). Взаимосвязь между курением и половыми гормонами является важной темой исследования. IL-12 — важный цитокин, усиливающий иммунные ответы, особенно способствуя дифференцировке Т-лимфоцитов.

ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить влияние курения на функцию иммунной системы путем анализа снижения провоспалительных цитокинов (например, IL-12) и определить, усугубляют ли гормональные различия этот эффект у женщин.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Было собрано 90 образцов сыворотки от здоровых незамужних женщин в возрасте 20–29 лет. Образцы разделили на три группы: курящие (n=30), подвергшиеся пассивному (вторичному) курению (лица, подвергающиеся воздействию табачного дыма в окружающей среде) (n=30) и некурящие (контрольная группа, n=30). Курящие женщины были дополнительно разделены на 2 подгруппы: по интенсивности курения в сутки — тяжелые и легкие курильщицы; и по длительности курения — <4 лет и ≥4 лет.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Выявлены значимые различия в уровнях IL-12, PRL и HbA1c между исследуемыми группами (p<0,05). Что касается E2, медиана в группе курящих (медиана=92,68) ниже, чем в контрольной и группе пассивного курения, однако разница статистически незначима.

ВЫВОДЫ: Результаты свидетельствуют, что тяжелое курение негативно влияет как на метаболическое здоровье (повышает уровень HbA1c), так и на гормональный баланс у женщин. Кроме того, курение снижает уровень IL-12, что может ослаблять иммунные ответы и отрицательно влиять на общее состояние здоровья. Длительность курения (короткий срок vs. длительный) существенно не изменяла изучаемые показатели.

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