Morphofunctional characteristic of gastric adipocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Aim.
To measure gastrointestinal hormones in plasma, evaluate morphofunctional state of G- and beta-cells in patients with gastric pathology and concomitanttype 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).
Materials and methods.
A total of 84 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and chronic gastritis (CG) were available for observation including 46 with DM2.Semi-quantitative evaluation of stomach infection by H.pylori. was performed by a histological method. Stained G- and beta-cells were counted under 400xmagnification in 10 fields of vision for each medicinal preparation used in the study. Chromogranin A, somatostatin, and gastrin were detected by immunohistochemicalmethods, gastrin-17 and somatostatin-14 by the respective immunoassays. Control group comprised 10 practically healthy volunteers.
Results.
Patients with combined GU (or CG) and DM2 pathology had smaller density of G- and beta-cells, lower plasma gastrin and somatostatin levelsthan those without DM2 (p<0.05). Biopsies from DM2 patients infected with H.pylori showed higher density of beta-cells (p<0.05) and lower density ofbeta-cells (p<0.05) than those from non-infected ones. The number of gastrin-positive cells in patients with DM2, gastric pathology, and grade 2 infectionwas significantly greater than in case of grade 3 infection. Endocrine cells in gastric mucosa of DM2 patients were less abundant than in controls(23 and 56% respectively, p<0.05). The density of gastric epitheliocytes significantly decreased in patients with the duration of DM2 above 10 years.
Conclusion.
Metabolic disorders, local trophic disturbances, accelerated extrusion of erythrocytes, H.pylori colonization, and impaired regenerationin patients with DM2 cause atrophic changes in gastric mucosa, alter the number and ratio of G- and beta-cells.