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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM9570</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-9570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Снижение кардиоваскулярного риска у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа: обзор основных стратегий и клинических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Decrease of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: review of the common strategies and clinical studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-0941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салухов</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salukhov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., начальник 1 кафедры и клиники (терапии усовершенствования врачей)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlasaluk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7755-7275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимов</surname><given-names>Юрий Шавкатович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimov</surname><given-names>Yurii Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, начальник кафедры и клиники военно-полевой терапии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yushkha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9075-8274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шустов</surname><given-names>Сергей Борисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shustov</surname><given-names>Sergey B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор 1 кафедры (терапии усовершенствования врачей)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sbs5555@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-1914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadin</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., препадаватель 1 кафедры  (терапии усовершенствования врачей)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkadin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГБВОУ ВО Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова Министерства обороны РФ&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Military Medical Academy of S.M. Kirov&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>193</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салухов В.В., Халимов Ю.Ш., Шустов С.Б., Кадин Д.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салухов В.В., Халимов Ю.Ш., Шустов С.Б., Кадин Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salukhov V.V., Khalimov Y.S., Shustov S.B., Kadin D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9570">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9570</self-uri><abstract><p>Недавно закончившиеся исследования кардиоваскулярной безопасности препаратов эмпаглифлозин и лираглутид продемонстрировали убедительное снижение сердечно-сосудистой смертности у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2). Эти результаты вызвали множество вопросов, касающихся причин подобного феномена, поскольку данные препараты имеют абсолютно различные механизмы действия, а их сахароснижающее действие в обсуждаемых исследованиях было в лучшем случае умеренным. Однако общим свойством для эмпаглифлозина и лираглутида является их способность опосредованно улучшать чувствительность к инсулину, что во многих фундаментальных работах ассоциировалось со снижением кардиоваскулярного риска. Инсулинорезистентность, являющаяся патофизиологической основой для развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у больных с СД2 и станет предметом рассмотрения в данной статье. В настоящем обзоре мы обсудим различные подходы по влиянию на инсулинорезистентность, включая изменение образа жизни, медикаментозное лечение и метаболическую хирургию. При этом отдельно будут проанализированы свойства и особенности так называемых сахароснижающих кардиопротекторов – препаратов, которые в рандомизированных клинических исследованиях (UKPDS, PROactive, IRIS, LEADER, EMPA-REG OUTCOME) показали протективные эффекты в отношении сердечно-сосудистых исходов у больных СД2.</p><p>Анализ приведенных данных позволяет сделать вывод, что потенциал снижения кардиоваскулярного риска определяется не столько сахароснижающей эффективностью того или иного воздействия, сколько способностью уменьшать инсулинорезистентность, что в значительной степени меняет парадигму в терапии СД2.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Military Medical Academy of S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</p><p>Recent clinical trials about the cardiovascular safety of empagliflozin and liraglutide demonstrated a convincing lowering effect on mortality from cardiovascular causes among the patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings resulted in many questions about why this phenomenon was seen in two drugs with widely different mechanisms of functioning. It is important to note that the glucose-lowering effect was moderate, although a feature seen in both empagliflozin and liraglutide was their ability to increase insulin sensitivity. In many fundamental studies, this feature was associated with a reduction of cardiovascular risks. Insulin resistance, which has always been a pathophysiological base for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, is a topic for this report. Different methods to manage insulin resistance, including lifestyle changes, drug treatment and metabolic surgery, are discussed. Furthermore, the most common features of glucose-lowering drugs are analysed, including protective effects for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes presented in randomised clinical trials. Studies include the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive), Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke (IRIS), Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results (LEADER) and the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME). The current study shows that the potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease is determined not only by effective lowering of glucose but also by the ability to lower insulin resistance, which causes a paradigm shift in the management of type 2 diabetes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>сахароснижающие препараты</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>кардиоваскулярный риск</kwd><kwd>кардиопротекция</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые исходы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>diabetic drugs</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>cardioprotection</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular outcomes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">No financial support have been declared.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 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