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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM9549</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-9549</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Липогипертрофии, индуцированные инсулином: клиническая и ультразвуковая характеристика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Insulin-induced lipohypertrophy: clinical and ultrasound characteristics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-8722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климонтов</surname><given-names>Вадим Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimontov</surname><given-names>Vadim V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klimontov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-6296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>Михил Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>Mikhail M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, junior research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmlazarev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-579X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махотин</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhotin</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aamakhotin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-4083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Летягин</surname><given-names>Андрей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Letyagin</surname><given-names>Andrey Ju.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">letyagin-andrey@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-6083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Лилия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>Lilia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач ультразвуковой диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lymphology@niikel.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-026X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булумбаева</surname><given-names>Динара Мухтаровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulumbaeva</surname><given-names>Dinara M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, junior research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinar.ka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-7030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королева</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koroleva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н, c.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, senior research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekoro@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-8676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лыков</surname><given-names>Александр Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lykov</surname><given-names>Alexander P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, leading research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aplykov2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии &amp;ndash; филиал ФГБНУ &amp;laquo;Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology &amp;ndash; Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии - филиал ФГБНУ &amp;laquo;Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology &amp;ndash; Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>255</fpage><lpage>263</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Климонтов В.В., Лазарев М.М., Махотин А.А., Летягин А.Ю., Анисимова Л.А., Булумбаева Д.М., Королева Е.А., Лыков А.П., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Климонтов В.В., Лазарев М.М., Махотин А.А., Летягин А.Ю., Анисимова Л.А., Булумбаева Д.М., Королева Е.А., Лыков А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klimontov V.V., Lazarev M.M., Makhotin A.A., Letyagin A.J., Anisimova L.A., Bulumbaeva D.M., Koroleva E.A., Lykov A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9549">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9549</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Липогипертрофии – основное кожное осложнение инсулинотерапии. Данные о распространенности липогипертрофий у больных сахарным диабетом (СД) противоречивы, что может быть связано с недостаточной чувствительностью и субъективностью пальпации как метода диагностики данного осложнения. Надежность верификации липогипертрофий может быть повышена с помощью ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сопоставить клинические и ультразвуковые характеристики и определить факторы риска индуцированных инсулином липогипертрофий у больных СД.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 82 пациента, в том числе 26 с СД 1 типа (СД1) и 56 с СД 2 типа (СД2). Длительность инсулинотерапии варьировала от 3 мес до 37 лет (медиана – 14 лет). Липогипертрофии выявляли с помощью пальпации и УЗИ. Протокол УЗИ включал серошкальную денситометрию, соноэластографию, исследование кровотока в режиме 3D-ангио. Выраженность ультразвуковых изменений оценивалась по балльной шкале. Техника инъекций инсулина оценивалась с помощью анкетирования. Уровень антител к инсулину в сыворотке крови определяли с помощью иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При пальпации и ультрасонографии липогипертрофии выявлены у 57 и 80 (70% и 98%) больных. Площадь, эхоплотность и суммарный балл ультразвуковых изменений демонстрировали слабые положительные взаимосвязи с суточной дозой инсулина (r=0,3, r=0,3 и r=0,35 соответственно, все p&lt;0,006). Суммарная площадь липогипертрофий в абдоминальной области оказалась достоверно меньше у больных, получавших аналоги инсулина, в сравнении с пациентами на человеческих инсулинах (р=0,03). Площадь липогипертрофий в абдоминальной области коррелировала с постпрандиальной гликемией (r=0,35, p=0,001). Наиболее частыми нарушениями техники инъекций инсулина оказались: редкая смена игл (70 человек, 85%), введение инсулина в участки липогипертрофий (47 человек, 53%). Уровень антител к инсулину не показал значимых корреляций с количеством и параметрами липогипертрофий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У больных СД1 и СД2 была выявлена высокая распространенность липогипертрофий в местах введения инсулина. Ультрасонография явилась более чувствительным методом диагностики липогипертрофий по сравнению с пальпацией. Наличие липогипертрофий у больных СД было ассоциировано с нарушениями техники инъекции инсулина и с более высокими суточными дозами инсулина.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Lipohypertrophy is primary dermal complication of insulin therapy. The data on the prevalence of lipohypertrophy in diabetic subjects are inconsistent, that may be due to the lack of sensitivity and subjectivity of palpation as diagnostic technique. Meanwhile, the reliability of lipohypertrophy detection can be increased by ultrasound.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims: to compare clinical and ultrasound characteristics and to determine the risk factors of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy in diabetic subjects.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: We observed 82 patients, including 26 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 56 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Duration of insulin therapy varied from 3 months to 37 years (median 14 years). The sites of insulin injections were assessed by palpation and ultrasound. Visualization protocol included gray-scale densitometry, strain elastography, and 3D Doppler power ultrasound. Scaled evaluation of ultrasound sings was applied. Insulin injection technique was assessed by questionnaire. Serum levels of insulin antibodies were determined by ELISA.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Lipohypertrophy was revealed by palpation and ultrasound in 57 and 80 patients (70% and 98%) respectively. Total lipohypertrophy area, acoustic density and total ultrasound score showed weak positive correlations with daily insulin dose (r=0.3, r=0.3 and r=0.35, respectively, all p&lt;0.006). Patients receiving insulin analogues had smaller area of abdominal lipohypertrophy than those on human insulin (p=0.03). A positive correlation was found between abdominal lipohypertrophy area and mean postprandial glucose (r=0.35, p=0.001). A rare needle change and injections in lipohypertrophy sites were the most common deviations in insulin injection technique (70 and 47 subjects, 85% and 53% respectively). The levels of insulin antibodies showed no association with lipohypertrophy parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes demonstrate high prevalence of lipohypertrophy in insulin injection sites. Ultrasonography is more sensitive method of diagnostics of lipohypertrophy compared with palpation. Insulin-induced lipohypertrophy is associated with errors in injection technique and higher insulin doses.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>инсулин</kwd><kwd>подкожная клетчатка</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>антитела к инсулину</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>insulin</kwd><kwd>subcutaneous tissue</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>insulin antibodies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельникова О.Г., Майоров А.Ю. Техника инъекций: результаты анкетирования больных сахарным диабетом в России. Новые международные рекомендации по технике инъекций // Сахарный диабет. – 2010. – Т. 13. – №3. – С. 38-44. [Melnikova OG, Mayorov AYu. The injection technique: results of a questionnaire study of diabetic patients in Russia. 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