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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM9529</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-9529</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Автокаталитический цикл в патогенезе сахарного диабета: биохимические и патофизиологические аспекты метаболической терапии с помощью натуральных аминокислот на примере глицина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Autocatalytic cycle in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus: biochemical and pathophysiological aspects of metabolic therapy with natural amino acids on the example of glycine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-9963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестеров</surname><given-names>Семён Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterov</surname><given-names>Semen V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела биоэнергетики; аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Bioenergy; graduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semen.v.nesterov@phystech.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-3547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ягужинский</surname><given-names>Лев Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaguzhinsky</surname><given-names>Lev S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Biology, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yag@genebee.msu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-4919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подопригора</surname><given-names>Геннадий Игнатьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podoprigora</surname><given-names>Gennady I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gipodoprigora@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-7686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарциссов</surname><given-names>Ярослав Рюрикович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nartsissov</surname><given-names>Yaroslav R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф-м.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yarosl@biotic.dol.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;НИИ цитохимии и молекулярной фармакологии;&amp;nbsp;Московский физико-технический институт (государственный университет)&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;&amp;nbsp;Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;НИИ цитохимии и молекулярной фармакологии;&amp;nbsp;НИИ физико-химической биологии им. А.Н. Белозерского МГУ&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;&amp;nbsp;A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology MSU&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;НИИ цитохимии и молекулярной фармакологии&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>283</fpage><lpage>292</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нестеров С.В., Ягужинский Л.С., Подопригора Г.И., Нарциссов Я.Р., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нестеров С.В., Ягужинский Л.С., Подопригора Г.И., Нарциссов Я.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nesterov S.V., Yaguzhinsky L.S., Podoprigora G.I., Nartsissov Y.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9529">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9529</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей работе проведена систематизация (классификация) биохимических и физиологических процессов, вызывающих нарушения в организме человека при развитии заболевания сахарным диабетом (СД). Развитие заболевания рассмотрено как взаимодействие и взаимоусиление двух групп параллельных процессов. Одна из них имеет молекулярную природу и связана с нарушением системы регуляции активных форм кислорода (АФК), включающей в себя NADPH оксидазы, рецепторы конечных продуктов гликирования (RAGE), митохондрии, пероксиредуктазную систему клеток и иммунную систему. Вторая группа процессов имеет патофизиологическую природу, связана с нарушениями микроциркуляции и метаболизма в печени. Проведенный в работе детальный анализ литературных данных по биохимии диабета позволил построить блок-схему развития этого заболевания во времени. При этом были выделены два типа автокаталитических процессов: автокатализ в каскаде биохимических реакций и «перекрестный» катализ, при котором биохимические и патофизиологические процессы усиливают друг друга. Разработанная модель развития диабета показала возможность применения фармакологически активного естественного метаболита глицина в качестве средства, тормозящего процесс развития диабета. Несмотря на то что глицин является заменимой аминокислотой, при СД уже на ранних стадиях заболевания часто наблюдается снижение концентрации глицина в крови, что может дополнительно усугублять течение болезни. Показано, что глицин является потенциальным блокатором ключевых автокаталитических циклов, включающих биохимические и патофизиологические процессы. Проведенный на базе разработанной модели анализ действия глицина полностью согласуется с результатами клинических испытаний, в которых глицин показал себя в качестве эффективного лекарственного средства, улучшающего биохимические показатели крови больных СД и препятствующего развитию диабетических осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this work systematization (classification) of biochemical and physiological processes that cause disorders in the human body during the development of diabetes mellitus is carried out. The development of the disease is considered as the interaction and mutual reinforcement of two groups of parallel processes. The first group has a molecular nature and it is associated with impairment of ROS-regulation system which includes NADPH oxidases, RAGE receptors, mitochondria, cellular peroxireductase system and the immune system. The second group has a pathophysiological nature and it is associated with impairment of microcirculation and liver metabolism. The analysis of diabetes biochemistry based on different published references yields a creation of a block diagram evaluating the disease development over time. Two types of autocatalytic processes were identified: autocatalysis in the cascade of biochemical reactions and "cross-section" catalysis, in which biochemical and pathophysiological processes reinforce each other. The developed model has shown the possibility of using pharmacologically active natural metabolite glycine as a medicine inhibiting the development of diabetes. Despite the fact that glycine is a substitute amino acid the drop in the glycine blood concentration occurs even in the early stages of diabetes development and can aggravate the disease. It is shown that glycine is a potential blocker of key autocatalytic cycles, including biochemical and pathophysiological processes. The analysis of the glycine action based on the developed model is in complete agreement with the results of clinical trials in which glycine has improved blood biochemistry of diabetic patients and thereby it prevents the development of diabetic complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>глицин</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>конечные продукты гликирования</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>glycine</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>advanced glycosylation end products</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>reactive oxygen species</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Поисково-аналитическая работа по подготовке рукописи проведена при финансовом обеспечении института цитохимии и молекулярной фармакологии.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marre ML, Piganelli JD. 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