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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM9283</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-9283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Референтные значения показателей функции щитовидной железы в первом триместре беременности и риск развития гестационного сахарного диабета у женщин Санкт-Петербурга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>First trimester thyroid function in pregnant women residing in Saint Petersburg (Russia): reference values and risk of gestational diabetes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-7791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Полина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Polina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук,  заведующая НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pvpopova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-6054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, clinical resident</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katia.shilova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-8743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>Александра Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>Alexandra S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandra.tkachuk.1988@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дронова</surname><given-names>Александра Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dronova</surname><given-names>Alexandra V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эндокринолог Перинатального Центра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandra-dronova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-4531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анопова</surname><given-names>Анна Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anopova</surname><given-names>Anna D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинская сестра отделения эндокринологии №2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>medical student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anchylove@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-5468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Алла Ехильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>Alla E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alla-nikolaeva2007@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-7680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринева</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grineva</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор института эндокринологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grineva_e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова;&amp;nbsp;Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Almazov National Medical Research Centre;&amp;nbsp;St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Almazov National Medical Research Centre&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;СПбГБУЗ Женская консультация №22&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Obstetrics &amp;amp; Gynecology Clinic № 22&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А.Алмазова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Almazov National Medical Research Centre;&amp;nbsp;St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попова П.В., Шилова Е.С., Ткачук А.С., Дронова А.В., Анопова А.Д., Николаева А.Е., Гринева Е.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова П.В., Шилова Е.С., Ткачук А.С., Дронова А.В., Анопова А.Д., Николаева А.Е., Гринева Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova P.V., Shilova E.S., Tkachuk A.S., Dronova A.V., Anopova A.D., Nikolaeva A.E., Grineva E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9283">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/9283</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Cубклинический гипотиреоз (СГТ) и гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) ассоциированы с рисками для здоровья матери и ребенка. Встречаемость СГТ зависит от популяции и принятых референтных значений тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ). Вместо универсальных фиксированных референтных значений ТТГ во время беременности в настоящее время предложено использовать нормы ТТГ, специфичные для каждой популяции и триместра беременности. Специфичные для беременных женщин Северо-Запада России нормы ТТГ в настоящее время не определены. Данные относительно взаимосвязи функции щитовидной железы и ГСД противоречивы и требуют уточнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определение референтных значений для уровня ТТГ и свободного тироксина (св.Т4) в первом триместре беременности у женщин, проживающих в г. Санкт-Петербурге, а также оценка взаимосвязи между тиреоидным статусом в I триместре беременности и риском развития ГСД.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. У 503 женщин на сроке беременности до 14 нед был определен уровень ТТГ, св.Т4 и антител к тиреопероксидазе (АТ к ТПО). На сроке 24–28 нед участницам исследования был выполнен пероральный глюкозотолерантный тест (ПГТТ) для скрининга на ГСД. Оценена взаимосвязь между функцией щитовидной железы, маркерами аутоиммунного процесса в щитовидной железе и выявленным ГСД.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Были определены референтные значения для ТТГ (0,07–4,40 мМЕ/л) и для св.Т4 (11,7–20,3 пмоль/л). Распространенность СГТ составила 16,9% исходя из диагностического критерия ТТГ&gt;2,5 мМЕ/л в I триместре и 3,8% при использовании рассчитанного в ходе исследования референтного интервала. Гипотироксинемия встречалась у 5,3% женщин при учете референтных значений для св. Т4, предложенных производителем наборов, и у 2,8% женщин при использовании рассчитанных нами референтных значений св.Т4. ГСД был выявлен у 23,5% женщин, пришедших на ПГТТ. Анализ логистической регрессии выявил связь ГСД с гипотироксинемией [ОШ=7,39; p=0,026; 95% ДИ 1,27–42,93] и с повышенным уровнем АТ к ТПО [ОШ=2,02; р=0,047; 95% ДИ 1,01–4,04], значимую после переоценки с учетом возраста и ИМТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В ходе исследования были получены референтные значения ТТГ в I триместре беременности для женщин, проживающих в Санкт-Петербурге, выявлена взаимосвязь риска ГСД с повышенным уровнем антиТПО и гипотироксинемией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known to be associated with maternal and child morbidity. The concept of subclinical dysfunction of the thyroid gland in pregnant women depends on the population-specific and trimester-specific reference values so fixed universal cutoff concentrations for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that were recommended earlier now are put under the question. Population-specific and trimester-specific reference values have not been defined for pregnant women residing in Saint Petersburg. The data concerning the association of maternal thyroid status with GDM development are controversial.</p></sec><sec><title>Aims</title><p>Aims. The aim of the study was to determine the reference values of TSH and free thyroxin (fT4) in the first trimester of pregnancy in women living in St. Petersburg, and to assess the relationship between thyroid status and the risk of subsequent development of GDM.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The levels of TSH, fT4 and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) were analyzed in 503 pregnant women before the 14th week of gestation. The women underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks to find out those with GDM. The association between thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity and the risk of GDM we estimated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The reference values for TSH were 0.07 – 4.40 mU /L, and for fT4 11.7 – 20.3 pmol/L. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the 503 pregnant women was 16.9% according to the diagnostic criteria of TSH&gt; 2.5 mIU / L and 3.8% using our calculated reference interval. Hypothyroxinemia was registered in 5,3% using reference values recommended by diagnostic tests manufacturer and in 2,8% according to our calculated reference interval for fT4. GDM was diagnosed in 23% of women. Logistic regression analysis showed associations of hypothyroxinemia and TPO-Ab-positivity with the increased risk of GDM that remained significant after adjustments on age and body mass index (BMI) [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 7.39 (1.27–42.93) for hypothyroxinemia, p=0.026; and adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.02 (1.01–4.04) for TPO-Ab-positivity, p=0.047).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Reference intervals for first trimester TSH and fT4 have been established for pregnant women living in St. Petersburg. Hypothyroxinemia and TPO-Ab-positivity were associated with the increased risk of GDM.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>тиреотропный гормон</kwd><kwd>тироксин</kwd><kwd>референтные значения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>thyrotropin</kwd><kwd>thyroxine</kwd><kwd>reference values</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 15-14-30012).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazarus J, Brown RS, Daumerie C, et al. 2014 European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children. 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