<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM8824</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-8824</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Диагностика, контроль, лечение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Diagnosis, control, treatment</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когда базальный инсулин неэффективен: стратегии интенсификации инсулинотерапии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>When basal insulin is not enough: successful strategies for insulin intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-4123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюкова</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buryukova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lena@obsudim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-2225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джаббар</surname><given-names>Абдул</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jabbar</surname><given-names>Abdul</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD, MRCP, FACE</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jabbar_abdul@lilly.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5001-306X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елизарова</surname><given-names>Светлана Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elizarova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий медицинский советник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizarova_svetlana@lilly.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава России&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Moscow state medical dental University named A. I. Evdokimov&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Eli Lilly S.A.&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Eli Lilly and Company&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;ООО &amp;laquo;Лилли Фарма&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Lilly Pharma Ltd&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>363</fpage><lpage>373</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бирюкова Е.В., Джаббар А., Елизарова С.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бирюкова Е.В., Джаббар А., Елизарова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Buryukova E.V., Jabbar A., Elizarova S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8824">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8824</self-uri><abstract><p>Достижение целей гликемического контроля посредством активной клинической тактики ведения пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2) является важным условием снижения риска развития и прогрессирования связанных с данным заболеванием осложнений. Распространенность микрососудистых и макрососудистых осложнений диабета в России имеет высокий уровень, это является следствием поздней диагностики СД, отсутствием своевременного начала терапии заболевания и не всегда тщательно подобранной сахароснижающей терапии, что подчеркивает необходимость улучшения контроля над заболеванием. Для пациентов с СД2, когда терапия пероральными сахароснижающими препаратами (ПССП) в сочетании с изменением образа жизни оказывается неэффективной для поддержания целей гликемического контроля, наиболее часто используемой опцией старта инсулинотерапии является назначение базального инсулина. Однако зачастую после начала инсулинотерапии пациенты в течение длительного периода времени остаются на терапии базальным инсулином в комбинации с ПССП, несмотря на отсутствие оптимального гликемического контроля. В данной статье мы предлагаем рассмотреть несколько вариантов стратегии интенсификации инсулинотерапии при ведении пациентов с СД2, их преимущества и недостатки. Данные подходы включают в себя добавление прандиального инсулина к терапии базальным инсулином или назначение готовых смесей (двухфазных) инсулинов. При выборе оптимальной стратегии интенсификации инсулинотерапии важно учитывать индивидуальные цели терапии, особенности образа жизни и режима питания пациентов, что позволит обеспечить успех сахароснижающей терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Maintaining glycemic control through intensive clinical management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well recognized to reduce the risk of diabetes-associated complications. Patients in Russia have high rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications as a result of undiagnosed, untreated, or inadequately treated diabetes, emphasizing the need for better clinical management. The introduction of basal insulin therapy is often necessary for patients with T2DM when oral antihyperglycemic drugs and lifestyle management strategies are no longer effective inmaintaining glycemic targets. However, after initiation of insulin, patients often remain on basal insulin for long periods despite suboptimal glycemic control, and intensification of insulin therapy is frequently necessary. Here, we report on several different insulin intensification strategies available to clinicians and their patients to improve glycemic control and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. These strategies include the use of short- and long-acting insulins administered either as bolus doses or as premixed insulins. When selecting the most appropriate intensification strategy, clinicians should consider the lifestyle and treatment goals of their patients to help ensure treatment success.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>инсулин</kwd><kwd>готовые смеси инсулина</kwd><kwd>интенсификация инсулинотерапии</kwd><kwd>гликированный гемоглобин (HbA1c)</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>type 2</kwd><kwd>insulin</kwd><kwd>insulin mixtures</kwd><kwd>insulin intensification</kwd><kwd>hemoglobin A</kwd><kwd>glycosylated</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Часть исследований, представленных в данном обзоре, были спонсированы Eli Lilly and Company, производителем инсулинов of Humulin® N, Humalog®, Humalog® Mix75/25™, и Humalog® Mix50/50™.  Медицинская помощь в написании статьи представлена Julie A. Ely, PhD, CMPP и Rebecca Lew, PhD, CMPP of ProScribe – Envision Pharma Group, и финансировалась Eli Lilly and Company.  Статья написана ProScribe’s services в соответствии с международными Правилами ведения Публикаций Good Publication Practice (GPP2).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: клинико-статистический отчет по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета // Сахарный диабет. – 2017. – Т. 20. – №1. – С. 13-41. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: clinical and statistical report according to the federal diabetes registry. Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(1):13-41. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14341/DM8664</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: клинико-статистический отчет по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета // Сахарный диабет. – 2017. – Т. 20. – №1. – С. 13-41. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: clinical and statistical report according to the federal diabetes registry. Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(1):13-41. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14341/DM8664</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IDF Diabetes Atlas, 7th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2015. Available from: http://www.diabetesatlas.org.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IDF Diabetes Atlas, 7th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2015. Available from: http://www.diabetesatlas.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Галстян Г.Р. Распространенность сахарного диабета 2 типа у взрослого населения России (исследование NATION) // Сахарный диабет. – 2016. – Т. 19. – № 2. – С. 104-112. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Galstyan GR. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Russia (NATION study). Diabetes Mellitus. 2016;19(2):104-112. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14341/DM2004116-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Галстян Г.Р. Распространенность сахарного диабета 2 типа у взрослого населения России (исследование NATION) // Сахарный диабет. – 2016. – Т. 19. – № 2. – С. 104-112. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Galstyan GR. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult population of Russia (NATION study). Diabetes Mellitus. 2016;19(2):104-112. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14341/DM2004116-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litwak L, Goh SY, Hussein Z, et al. Prevalence of diabetes complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with baseline characteristics in the multinational A1chieve study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2013;5(1):57-66. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litwak L, Goh SY, Hussein Z, et al. Prevalence of diabetes complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with baseline characteristics in the multinational A1chieve study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2013;5(1):57-66. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sountsov YI, Dedov II, Shestakova MV, editors. Diabetes in Russia: Problems and Solutions. Moscow: Endocrinology Research Centre; 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sountsov YI, Dedov II, Shestakova MV, editors. Diabetes in Russia: Problems and Solutions. Moscow: Endocrinology Research Centre; 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577-1589. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577-1589. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-853</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-853</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1364-1379. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0413</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1364-1379. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0413</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Diabetes Association. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(Suppl 1):75-87. doi: 10.2337/dc17-S012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Diabetes Association. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(Suppl 1):75-87. doi: 10.2337/dc17-S012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом / Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова. – 8-й выпуск // Сахарный диабет. – 2017. – Т. 20. – №1S. – C. 1-121. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY. 8th edition. Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-121. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14341/DM8146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом / Под редакцией И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова. – 8-й выпуск // Сахарный диабет. – 2017. – Т. 20. – №1S. – C. 1-121. [Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY, et al. Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AY. 8th edition. Diabetes mellitus. 2017;20(1S):1-121. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.14341/DM8146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calvert MJ, McManus RJ, Freemantle N. Management of type 2 diabetes with multiple oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin in primary care: retrospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57(539):455-460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calvert MJ, McManus RJ, Freemantle N. Management of type 2 diabetes with multiple oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin in primary care: retrospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57(539):455-460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nichols GA, Gandra SR, Chiou C-F, et al. Successes and challenges of insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes in a managed-care setting. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(1):9-15. doi: 10.1185/03007990903417679</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nichols GA, Gandra SR, Chiou C-F, et al. Successes and challenges of insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes in a managed-care setting. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(1):9-15. doi: 10.1185/03007990903417679</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3080-3086. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J; Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3080-3086. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mata–Cases M, Mauricio D, Franch-Nadal J. Clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients on basal insulin therapy with adequate fasting glucose control who do not achieve HbA1c targets. J Diabetes. 2017;9(1):34-44. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12373</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mata–Cases M, Mauricio D, Franch-Nadal J. Clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients on basal insulin therapy with adequate fasting glucose control who do not achieve HbA1c targets. J Diabetes. 2017;9(1):34-44. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12373</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raskin P, Allen E, Hollander P, et al. Initiating insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of biphasic and basal insulin analogs. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(2):260-265. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.2.260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raskin P, Allen E, Hollander P, et al. Initiating insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of biphasic and basal insulin analogs. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(2):260-265. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.2.260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon J, Pockett RD, Tetlow AP, et al. A comparison of intermediate and long-acting insulins in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin: an observational database study. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(12):1609-1618. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02520.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon J, Pockett RD, Tetlow AP, et al. A comparison of intermediate and long-acting insulins in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin: an observational database study. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(12):1609-1618. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02520.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blak BT, Smith HT, Hards M, et al. A retrospective database study of insulin initiation in patients with Type 2 diabetes in UK primary care. Diabet Med. 2012;29(8):e191-198. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03694.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blak BT, Smith HT, Hards M, et al. A retrospective database study of insulin initiation in patients with Type 2 diabetes in UK primary care. Diabet Med. 2012;29(8):e191-198. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03694.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polinski JM, Seoyoung KC, Dingfeng J, et al. Geographic patterns in patient demographics and insulin use in 18 countries, a global perspective from the multinational observational study assessing insulin use: understanding the challenges associated with progression of therapy (MOSA1c). BMC Endocr Disord. 2015;(15):46. doi: 10.1186/s12902-015-0044-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polinski JM, Seoyoung KC, Dingfeng J, et al. Geographic patterns in patient demographics and insulin use in 18 countries, a global perspective from the multinational observational study assessing insulin use: understanding the challenges associated with progression of therapy (MOSA1c). BMC Endocr Disord. 2015;(15):46. doi: 10.1186/s12902-015-0044-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patrick AR, Fischer MA, Choudhry NK, et al. Trends in insulin initiation and treatment intensification among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(2):320-327. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2643-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patrick AR, Fischer MA, Choudhry NK, et al. Trends in insulin initiation and treatment intensification among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(2):320-327. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2643-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khunti S, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Clinical inertia in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a focused literature review. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2015;15(2):65-69. doi: 10.15277/bjdvd.2015.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khunti S, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Clinical inertia in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a focused literature review. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2015;15(2):65-69. doi: 10.15277/bjdvd.2015.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Owens DR, van Schalkwyk C, Smith P, et al. Algorithm for the introduction of rapid-acting insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin therapy. Practical Diabetes. 2009;26(2):70-77. doi: 10.1002/pdi.1339</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Owens DR, van Schalkwyk C, Smith P, et al. Algorithm for the introduction of rapid-acting insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin therapy. Practical Diabetes. 2009;26(2):70-77. doi: 10.1002/pdi.1339</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodbard HW, Visco VE, Andersen H, et al. Treatment intensification with stepwise addition of prandial insulin aspart boluses compared with full basal-bolus therapy (FullSTEP Study): a randomised, treat-to-target clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(1):30-37. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70090-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodbard HW, Visco VE, Andersen H, et al. Treatment intensification with stepwise addition of prandial insulin aspart boluses compared with full basal-bolus therapy (FullSTEP Study): a randomised, treat-to-target clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(1):30-37. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70090-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenstock J, Ahmann AJ, Colon G, et al. Advancing insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes previously treated with glargine plus oral agents: prandial premixed (insulin lispro protamine suspension/lispro) versus basal/bolus (glargine/lispro) therapy. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):20-25. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenstock J, Ahmann AJ, Colon G, et al. Advancing insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes previously treated with glargine plus oral agents: prandial premixed (insulin lispro protamine suspension/lispro) versus basal/bolus (glargine/lispro) therapy. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(1):20-25. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edelman SV, Liu R, Johnson J, Glass LC. AUTONOMY: the first randomized trial comparing two patient-driven approaches to initiate and titrate prandial insulin lispro in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(8):2132-2140. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2664</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edelman SV, Liu R, Johnson J, Glass LC. AUTONOMY: the first randomized trial comparing two patient-driven approaches to initiate and titrate prandial insulin lispro in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(8):2132-2140. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2664</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodbard HW, Karolicki B. Management of type 2 diabetes – methods for addition of prandial to basal insulin. European Endocrinology. 2014;10(2):124-130. doi: 10.17925/EE.2014.10.02.124</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodbard HW, Karolicki B. Management of type 2 diabetes – methods for addition of prandial to basal insulin. European Endocrinology. 2014;10(2):124-130. doi: 10.17925/EE.2014.10.02.124</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latif ZA, Hussein Z, Litwak L, et al. Safety and effectiveness of insulin aspart in basal-bolus regimens regardless of age: A1chieve study results. Diabetes Ther. 2013;4(1):103-118. doi: 10.1007/s13300-013-0023-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latif ZA, Hussein Z, Litwak L, et al. Safety and effectiveness of insulin aspart in basal-bolus regimens regardless of age: A1chieve study results. Diabetes Ther. 2013;4(1):103-118. doi: 10.1007/s13300-013-0023-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris SB, Yale JF, Berard L, et al. Does a patient-managed insulin intensification strategy with insulin glargine and insulin glulisine provide similar glycemic control as a physician-managed strategy? Results of the START (Self-Titration With Apidra to Reach Target) study: a randomized noninferiority trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):604-610. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1636</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris SB, Yale JF, Berard L, et al. Does a patient-managed insulin intensification strategy with insulin glargine and insulin glulisine provide similar glycemic control as a physician-managed strategy? Results of the START (Self-Titration With Apidra to Reach Target) study: a randomized noninferiority trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):604-610. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1636</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilag LL, Kerr L, Malone JK, Tan MH. Prandial premixed insulin analogue regimens versus basal insulin analogue regimens in the management of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based comparison. Clin Ther. 2007;29(6 Pt 1):1254-1270. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilag LL, Kerr L, Malone JK, Tan MH. Prandial premixed insulin analogue regimens versus basal insulin analogue regimens in the management of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based comparison. Clin Ther. 2007;29(6 Pt 1):1254-1270. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tinahones FJ, Gross JL, Onaca A, et al. Insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine once daily and prandial insulin lispro once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification: a randomized phase IV trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(10):963-970. doi: 10.1111/dom.12303</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tinahones FJ, Gross JL, Onaca A, et al. Insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine once daily and prandial insulin lispro once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification: a randomized phase IV trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(10):963-970. doi: 10.1111/dom.12303</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giugliano D, Sieradzki J, Stefanski A, Gentilella R. Personalized intensification of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes – does a basal-bolus regimen suit all patients? Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(8):1425-1434. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1181051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giugliano D, Sieradzki J, Stefanski A, Gentilella R. Personalized intensification of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes – does a basal-bolus regimen suit all patients? Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(8):1425-1434. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1181051</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dieuzeide G, Chuang L-M, Almaghamsi A, et al. Safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in people with type 2 diabetes switching from basal-bolus insulin regimens in the A1chieve study. Prim Care Diabetes. 2014;8(2):111–117. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2013.07.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dieuzeide G, Chuang L-M, Almaghamsi A, et al. Safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30 in people with type 2 diabetes switching from basal-bolus insulin regimens in the A1chieve study. Prim Care Diabetes. 2014;8(2):111–117. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2013.07.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathieu C, Storms F, Tits J, et al. Switching from premixed insulin to basal-bolus insulin glargine plus rapid-acting insulin: the ATLANTIC study. Acta Clin Belg. 2013;68(1):28–33. doi: 10.2143/ACB.68.1.2062716</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathieu C, Storms F, Tits J, et al. Switching from premixed insulin to basal-bolus insulin glargine plus rapid-acting insulin: the ATLANTIC study. Acta Clin Belg. 2013;68(1):28–33. doi: 10.2143/ACB.68.1.2062716</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
