diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM8669diaendo-8669Research ArticleОбзорыReviewОксидативный стресс у беременных с сахарным диабетомOxidative stress in pregnant women with diabetes mellitushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-3032КапустинРоман ВикторовичKapustinRoman V.

кандидат медицинских наук, врач акушер-гинеколог отделения патологии беременности

MD, PhD

kapustin.roman@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3059-9811АржановаОльга НиколаевнаArzhanovaOlga N.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор; руководитель отделения патологии беременности

MD, PhD, Professor

olga_arjanova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-833XТиселькоАлена ВикторовнаTiselkoAlena V.

кандидат медицинских наук, врач эндокринолог, старший научный сотрудник отделения гинекологической эндокринологии

MD, PhD

alenadoc@mail.ru<p>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта</p>Россия<p>The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott</p>Russian Federation<p>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. Отта;&nbsp;Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</p>Россия<p>The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott; Saint-Petersburg State University</p>Russian Federation201717022018206461471Copyright &#x00A9; Капустин Р.В., Аржанова О.Н., Тиселько А.В., 20172017Капустин Р.В., Аржанова О.Н., Тиселько А.В.Kapustin R.V., Arzhanova O.N., Tiselko A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8669

Оксидативный стресс (ОС) играет важную роль в развитии эмбриона, имплантации, процессах плацентации, развитии плода и родового акта. Известно, что сахарный диабет (СД) ассоциирован с увеличением процессов оксидативного стресса. Однако данных об особенностях экспрессии биомаркеров ОС при СД у матери во время беременности недостаточно. На основании проведения литературного обзора установлены отличительные черты состояния прооксидантной и антиоксидантной систем женщин с различными типами СД в период гестации. Показано, что беременность у пациенток с СД отличается активацией процессов ОС. При этом происходит избыточная секреция свободных радикалов (пероксинитрит), токсичных дериватов (малоновый диальдегид, 8-изопростан) и специфичных протеинов и ферментов (асимметричный диметиларгинин, каталаза). С другой стороны, выявлено снижение синтеза антиоксидантов (супероксиддисмутаза, глутатионпероксидаза, мочевая кислота). Измененная экспрессия данных биомаркеров наблюдается как в крови беременной, так и в плаценте. Эти нарушения способствуют патологическому течению беременности, аномальному развитию плаценты и формированию неблагоприятных перинатальных исходов при сахарном диабете у матери. Помимо этого, ОС при СД может обуславливать развитие врожденных пороков развития у плода. Тем не менее, учитывая противоречивость полученных данных, необходимы дальнейшие научные исследования, посвященные этому вопросу.

Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in embryo development, implantation, placentation, fetal development and labour. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increase in OS processes. However, the expression of OS biomarkers in pregnant women with DM remains unclear. Based on a literature review, the features of the pro- and anti-oxidant systems of pregnant women with different types of DM have been established. Pregnancy in patients with DM has been shown to be characterised by an activation of OS processes. This leads to an overexpression of free radicals (peroxynitrite), toxic derivatives (malonic dialdehyde, 8-isoprostane) and specific enzymes (asymmetric dimethylarginine, catalase) and a decrease in the synthesis of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and uric acid). The modified expression of these biomarkers is observed both in the blood and the placenta of pregnant women. These disorders can cause an unfavourable course of pregnancy, abnormal development of the placenta and development of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with DM. Nevertheless, given the inconsistency of data obtained, further scientific studies are needed to clarify this issue.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.