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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM8226</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-8226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обучение и психосоциальные аспекты</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Education and psychosociologycal aspects</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Параметры образа жизни и риск гестационного сахарного диабета: что можно изменить?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: which lifestyle parameters should be changed?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-7791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Полина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Polina Viktorovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук,  заведующая НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pvpopova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-8743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>Александра Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>Aleksandra Sergeevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandra.tkachuk.1988@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-944X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болотько</surname><given-names>Яна Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolotko</surname><given-names>Yana Alexeevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник  НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, junior research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yanabolotko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>Andrey Sergeevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник  НИЛ эндокринных заболеваний у беременных</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor-27a@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-0630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>Ksenia Alexandrovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>clinical resident</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Fenol9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-1319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустозеров</surname><given-names>Евгений Анатольевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustozerov</surname><given-names>Evgenii Anatol'evich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant lecturer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pustozerov.e@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Любовь Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Liubov Vladimirovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krivo73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринева</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grineva</surname><given-names>Elena Nikolaevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор института эндокринологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grineva_e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова;&amp;nbsp;Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre;&amp;nbsp;St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова;&amp;nbsp;Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет &amp;laquo;ЛЭТИ&amp;raquo;&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre;&amp;nbsp;St Petersburg State Electrotechnical University&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Северо-Западный федеральный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова;&amp;nbsp;Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>&lt;p&gt;Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre; St Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University&lt;/p&gt;</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попова П.В., Ткачук А.С., Болотько Я.А., Герасимов А.С., Демидова К.А., Пустозеров Е.А., Кузнецова Л.В., Гринева Е.Н., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова П.В., Ткачук А.С., Болотько Я.А., Герасимов А.С., Демидова К.А., Пустозеров Е.А., Кузнецова Л.В., Гринева Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova P.V., Tkachuk A.S., Bolotko Y.A., Gerasimov A.S., Demidova K.A., Pustozerov E.A., Kuznetsova L.V., Grineva E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8226">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8226</self-uri><abstract><p>Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) является частым осложнением беременности и может приводить к таким неблагоприятным последствиям для матери и плода, как родоразрешение путем кесарева сечения, родовые травмы и развитие сахарного диабета (СД) 2 типа в будущем. Выявление и коррекция модифицируемых факторов риска ГСД могут помочь предотвратить эти проблемы.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявить наиболее важные параметры образа жизни, влияющие на риск развития ГСД.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 680 беременных женщин, выполнивших глюкозотолерантный тест с 75 г глюкозы на сроке 24–28 недель и заполнивших анкету, состоящую из следующих разделов: употребление в пищу основных групп продуктов и напитков, физическая активность, курение до и во время беременности, которые были стратифицированы полуколичественным способом. Для выявления параметров образа жизни, оказывающих влияние на развитие ГСД, была проведена логистическая регрессия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. ГСД выявлен у 266 женщин, остальные 414 человек составили группу контроля. Среди факторов питания наиболее важное значение в отношении риска развития ГСД имели: употребление сосисок и колбасных изделий, сухофруктов и фруктов. Употребление сосисок и колбасных изделий более 3 раз в неделю увеличивало риск развития ГСД в 2,4 раза (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,5–3,8, р&lt;0,001), а употребление сухофруктов до беременности более 3 раз в неделю увеличивало риск развития ГСД в 6,5 раз (95% ДИ 2,5–16,8, р&lt;0,001) по сравнению с меньшим потреблением. Увеличение потребления свежих фруктов во время беременности более 12 раз в неделю, наоборот, снижало риск развития ГСД (ОШ 0,5, 95% ДИ 0,3–0,8, р=0,015). Из оцениваемых показателей физической активности в отношении профилактики ГСД наиболее важной оказалась привычка подниматься пешком по лестнице не менее 4 этажей в день во время беременности (ОШ 0,7, 95% ДИ 0,5–1,0, р=0,069).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В рекомендации по профилактике ГСД следует включить ограничение употребления колбасных изделий, сухофруктов, без ограничения свежих фруктов, и увеличение физической активности за счет ходьбы по лестнице.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy. It can cause significant problems for the mother and offspring, such as caesarean delivery, birth trauma and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the future. The identification and correction of modifiable risk factors for GDM will provide a possibility to prevent these complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. This study aimed to identify the most significant lifestyle parameters affecting the risk of developing GDM.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study included 680 pregnant women who underwent oral glucose tolerance test at 24–32 weeks of pregnancy and responded to a questionnaire comprising the following sections stratified in a semi-quantitative manner: the consumption of major food groups and drinks and the amount of physical activity and smoking before and during pregnancy. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify lifestyle parameters that influence GDM development. GDM was diagnosed according to the IADPSG criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. GDM was diagnosed in 266 women; the other 414 women formed the control group. The most significant dietary risk factor for developing GDM was the consumption of sausage(s), dried fruits and fresh fruits. Eating sausage(s) more than thrice a week during pregnancy increased the risk of developing GDM by 2.4 times [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5–3.8; p &lt; 0.001] and so did the consumption of dried fruits more than thrice a week during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR), 6.5; 95% CI, 2.5–16.8; p &lt; 0.001)] compared with the risk of GDM by less consumption of these food groups. A regular consumption of fresh fruits more than 12 times a week during pregnancy reduced the risk of GDM (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.8; p = 0.015). The habit of climbing at least four floors per day during pregnancy also reduced the risk of GDM (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5–1.0; p = 0.069).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The recommendations for GDM prevention should include limiting the consumption of sausage(s) and dried fruits, increasing the consumption of fresh fruits and introducing regular physical activities, such as climbing stairs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>образ жизни</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>физическая активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>lifestyle</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation (project №15-14-30012)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Краснопольский В.И., Сухих Г.Т. 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