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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM2015232-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-7109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Фармакоэкономика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Economic aspects</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакоэпидемиологический анализ потребления сахароснижающих лекарственных средств у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа в городе Москве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacoepidemiological and pharmacoeconomic analyses of the utilization of hypoglycaemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Moscow</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Марина Федоровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>Marina Fedorovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эндокринологии лечебного факультета Первого МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Associate professor at the Endocrinology Department of the General Medicine Faculty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_kalash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy Yur'evich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>CEO</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinvest@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сунцов</surname><given-names>Юрий Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suntsov</surname><given-names>Yury Ivanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Epidemiology and State Diabetic Registry Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">registr@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кантемирова</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kantemirova</surname><given-names>Maria Alexeevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Resident of the Endocrinology Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.kant@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедов</surname><given-names>Иван Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedov</surname><given-names>Ivan Ivanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Endocrinology Research Centre</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dedov@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Центр фармакоэкономических исследований», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC Center of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Эндокринологический научный центр, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калашникова М.Ф., Белоусов Д.Ю., Сунцов Ю.И., Кантемирова М.А., Дедов И.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калашникова М.Ф., Белоусов Д.Ю., Сунцов Ю.И., Кантемирова М.А., Дедов И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalashnikova M.F., Belousov D.Y., Suntsov Y.I., Kantemirova M.A., Dedov I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/7109">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/7109</self-uri><abstract><p>Фармакоэпидемиологические исследования играют важную роль в получении достоверной информации о существующих в настоящее время терапевтических схемах лечения больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2). Проведение аналитического фармакоэпидемиологического исследования позволяет оценить рациональность использования лекарственных средств, особенности терапии заболевания в условиях реальной клинической практики и соответствие существующим национальным и международным клиническим рекомендациям.Цель. Изучить особенности потребления антидиабетических лекарственных средств в г. Москве ? инсулинов и пероральных сахароснижающих препаратов (ПССП) среди пациентов с СД2 в условиях сложившейся клинической практики и рассчитать среднюю стоимость сахароснижающей терапии на одного человека в год.Материалы и методы. . Проведено ретроспективное сплошное когортное фармакоэпидемиологическое исследование на основании информационной базы данных Государственного регистра больных СД по двум административным округам г. Москвы, где по состоянию на январь 2012 г. по обращаемости за 12 лет было зарегистрировано 48 978 человек в возрасте от 18 лет и старше (сплошная выборка) с диагнозом СД2. Рассчитаны усредненные экономические параметры стоимости годового курса лечения пациентов с СД2, получавших различные схемы сахароснижающей терапии в виде монотерапии и различных комбинациях.Результаты. Большинство пациентов исследуемой когорты получали гипогликемизирующую терапию (98,5%). 90% больных получали различные ПССП и 10% больных находились на инсулинотерапии. Базальный инсулин в комбинации с ПССП получали 3,8% больных, инсулинотерапия в базис-болюсном режиме проводилась у 4,6%, и 1,1% больных получали ?микс-инсулины?. Наиболее часто назначаемыми ПССП были производные сульфонилмочевины (ПСМ) (87%) и метформин (71%); также 12% больных получали готовые фиксированные комбинации вышеназванных ЛС. Доля других групп ПССП (глиниды, тиазолидиндионы, ингибиторы ?-глюкозидазы) составляла всего 2% от общей структуры потребления ЛС. Cредняя стоимость лечения 1 человека с СД2 составила 7467 руб./год.Заключение. ФЭ-анализ показал, что проводимая терапия СД2 была недостаточно эффективной (HbA1c&gt;7% ? у 48% больных). Используемые подходы к лечению больных с СД2 в 2011 г. отличались достаточно низкой частотой назначения инсулина, преимущественным назначением препаратов из группы ПСМ и метформина, редким использованием других групп ПССП. Полученные в ФЭ-исследовании усредненные экономические параметры прямых медицинских затрат на проведение сахароснижающей терапии больных СД2 могут использоваться для проведения дальнейших клинико-экономических исследований, в частности ? для ?анализа стоимости болезни?.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pharmacoepidemiological research is the first stage of the clinical and economical evaluation of treatment with pharmaceutical agents. It plays an important role in providing reliable information about treatment regimens for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results of the analysis of the utilisation of hypoglycaemic drugs are country specific and are associated with different epidemiological characteristics of the disease, cost of drugs and financing of the healthcare system. Analytical pharmacoeconomic studies allow the evaluation of the rational use of drugs, characteristics of treatment in clinical practice and their conformity to national and international clinical guidelines. Aim.  To study the characteristics of treatment with insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs in Moscow-based patients with T2DM and to calculate the average cost of hypoglycaemic drugs per person per year. Materials and methods.  A retrospective cohort pharmacoepidemiological study was performed by analysing information from the national register of diabetic patients from two administrative districts in Moscow. In total, 48,978 adult patients (older than 18 years) were registered with T2DM between 2000 and 2012. The study of treatment regimens was conducted using the standard international ATC/DDD methodology, and the correlation of fixed dose to appointed daily dose was calculated. The annual average cost of treatment for patients with T2DM, including different hypoglycaemic drugs (insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs) in the form of monotherapy and different combinations, was calculated. The average annual cost of hypoglycaemic therapy for patients with T2DM was calculated for the first time in the Russian Federation. Results.  The majority of study patients received hypoglycaemic drugs (98.5%), and only 1.5% of the patients diagnosed with T2DM were on dietetic therapy. Of the patients receiving drugs, 90% received oral hypoglycaemic drugs, and 10% received insulin (basal-bolus regimen 4.6%, basal insulin with oral hypoglycaemic drugs 3.8% and ?MIX-insulin? 1.1%). The most frequently prescribed oral hypoglycaemic drugs were derivatives of sulphonyl urea and metformin (87% and 71%, respectively), and 12% of the patients received premixed combinations of these drugs. Other groups of oral hypoglycaemic drugs accounted for only a small proportion of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (approximately 2%) and included glinide (1.8% of the patients), thiazolidinedione (0.4%) and inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase (0.17%). In the group of derivatives of sulphonyl urea, the most frequently prescribed drugs were glibenclamide (46.4%), gliclazide (38.7%) and glimepiride (14%). The average annual treatment cost per patient was 7,467 rubles. Conclusion.  The pharmacoeconomic analysis revealed that the treatment of T2DM was insufficiently effective in 48% of the patients (HbA1c&gt;7%). Most patients received monotherapy with metformin or derivatives of sulphonyl urea, among which glibenclamide was the most frequently prescribed drug. The treatment of patients with T2DM in 2011 was characterized by a low frequency of insulin prescription, rare usage of other groups of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (only 2%) and a mismatch between fixed dose and appointed daily dose. The average annual cost of hypoglycaemic drugs per patient with T2DM in 2011 in Moscow was 7,467 rubles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакоэпидемиология</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>Государственный регистр больных сахарным диабетом</kwd><kwd>анализ потребления лекарств</kwd><kwd>стоимость сахароснижающей терапии</kwd><kwd>пероральные сахароснижающие препараты</kwd><kwd>инсулин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacoepidemiology</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>national register of diabetic patients</kwd><kwd>actual/ ?real-life? clinical practice</kwd><kwd>consumption of drugs</kwd><kwd>cost analysis</kwd><kwd>oral hypoglycaemic drugs</kwd><kwd>insulin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergman U, et al. Studies in drug utilization. Methods and applications. 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