diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM201445-15diaendo-6769Research ArticleВопросы патогенезаPathogenesisМетаболические особенности и терапевтический потенциал бурой и ?бежевой? жировой тканиMetabolic characteristics and therapeutic potential of brown and ?beige? adipose tissuesКокшароваЕкатерина ОлеговнаKoksharovaEkaterina Olegovna

клинический аспирант Института диабета ФГБУ ЭНЦ

MD, PhD-student in Diabetes Institute

katekoksharova@gmail.comМайоровАлександр ЮрьевичMayorovAlexander Yur'evich

доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделением программного обучения и лечения Института диабета ФГБУ ЭНЦ

MD, PhD, Head of Programm education and treatment department in Diabetes institute of Endocrinology Research Centre

education@endocrincentr.ruШестаковаМарина ВладимировнаShestakovaMarina Vladimirovna

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор Института диабета ФГБУ ЭНЦ

MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding fellow of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Diabetes Institute in Endocrinology Research Centre

nephro@endocrincentr.ruДедовИван ИвановичDedovIvan Ivanovich

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, Директор ФГБУ ЭНЦ

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Endocrinology Research Centre

dedov@endocrincentr.ruФГБУ «Эндокринологический научный центр» Минздрава РоссииРоссияEndocrinology Research Centre, MoscowRussian Federation201417102014174515Copyright © Кокшарова Е.О., Майоров А.Ю., Шестакова М.В., Дедов И.И., 20142014Кокшарова Е.О., Майоров А.Ю., Шестакова М.В., Дедов И.И.Koksharova E.O., Mayorov A.Y., Shestakova M.V., Dedov I.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6769

По данным Международной Диабетической Федерации (IDF), в России 10,9 млн больных страдают сахарным диабетом (СД), тогда как зарегистрировано всего около 4 млн пациентов; у 11,9 млн человек имеется нарушенная толерантность к глюкозе и нарушенная гликемия натощак [1]. Одним из наиболее весомых факторов риска развития СД 2 типа (CД2) является ожирение, которое усиливает имеющуюся инсулинорезистентность (ИР). Последняя является основным патогенетическим звеном СД2. По современным представлениям, существует три типа жировой ткани: белая (white adipose tissue, WAT), бурая (brown adipose tissue, BAT) и ?бежевая?, последние две обладают термогенной функцией. По результатам проведенных исследований выяснены основные этапы развития адипоцитов, однако единой точки зрения на образование ?бежевых? адипоцитов не получено. На данный момент активно изучается биология BAT и ?бежевой? жировой ткани. Так, выявлены основные транскрипционные факторы/сигнальные пути/гормоны, способствующие развитию и активации данных тканей. Наиболее обсуждаемыми гормонами являются ирисин и фактор роста фибробластов 21 (FGF21). Выяснено положительное влияние BAT и ?бежевой? жировой ткани на углеводный, липидный и энергетический обмены. Основными методами визуализации BAT являются ПЭТ-КТ с18. фтордезоксиглюкозой (18. FDG) и МР-спектроскопия. В условиях эпидемии ожирения и ассоциированных с ним заболеваний (в том числе СД2), повышается интерес к изучению адипогенеза и возможностей влияния на данный процесс. BAT и ?бежевая? жировая ткань могут быть мишенью для разработки препаратов против ожирения и СД2.

According to the International Diabetes Federation, 10.9 million people have diabetes mellitus (DM) in Russia; however, only up to 4 million are registered. In addition, 11.9 million people have impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose levels [1]. One of the significant risk factors for type 2 DM (T2DM) is obesity, which increases insulin resistance (IR). IR is the major pathogenetic link to T2DM. According to current concepts, there are three types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and ?beige?, of which the last two types have a thermogenic function. Some research results have revealed the main stages in the development of adipocytes; however, there is no general consensus regarding the development of ?beige? adipocytes. Furthermore, the biology of BAT and ?beige? adipose tissue is currently being intensively investigated, and some key transcription factors, signalling pathways and hormones that promote the development and activation of these tissues have been identified. The most discussed hormones are irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21, which have established positive effects on BAT and ?beige? adipose tissue with regard to carbohydrate, lipid and energy metabolism. The primary imaging techniques used to investigate BAT are PET-CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With respect to the current obesity epidemic and associated diseases, including T2DM, there is a growing interest in investigating adipogenesis and the possibility of altering this process. BAT and ?beige? adipose tissue may be targets for developing drugs directed against obesity and T2DM.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.