diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM2014210-19diaendo-6495Research ArticleГенетикаGeneticsЗначение результатов полногеномных исследований для первичной профилактики сахарного диабета 2 типа и его осложнений. Персонализированный подходSignificance of the results of genome-wide association studies for primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Personalised approachДедовИван ИвановичDedovIvan Ivanovich

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, Директор ФГБУ "Эндокринологический научный центр" Минздрава России

MD, PhD, Professor, Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of Endocrinology Research Centre (Moscow)

dedov@endocrincentr.ruСмирноваОльга МихайловнаSmirnovaOlga Mikhailovna

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, отделение программного обучения и лечения, Институт диабета ФГБУ "Эндокринологический научный центр" Минздрава России

MD, PhD, Professor, Cheif Researcher in Programm Education and Treatment department in Diabetes Institute of Endocrinology Research Centre (Moscow)

dr_smr@mail.ruКононенкоИрина ВладимировнаKononenkoIrina Vladimirovna

кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения программного обучения и лечения, Институт диабета ФГБУ "Эндокринологический научный центр" Минздрава России;ассистент кафедры эндокринологии и диабетологии педиатрического факультета ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский Государственный Медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова

MD, PhD, Leading Researcher in Programm Education and Treatment department in Diabetes Institute of Endocrinology Research Centre (Moscow)

shakhtarina@bk.ruФГБУ "Эндокринологический научный центр" Минздрава России, МоскваРоссияEndocrinology Research Centre, MoscowRussian Federation2014210420141721019Copyright © Дедов И.И., Смирнова О.М., Кононенко И.В., 20142014Дедов И.И., Смирнова О.М., Кононенко И.В.Dedov I.I., Smirnova O.M., Kononenko I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6495

Метод исследований общегеномных ассоциаций (Genome-Wide Association Studies ? GWAS) уверенно становится основой для поиска генов-кандидатов моногенных и мультифакторных заболеваний, включая сахарный диабет 1 и 2 типа, ишемическую болезнь сердца, ожирение, заболевания сосудов и другие. К настоящему времени открыто более 40 локусов, ассоциированных с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2), установлены генетические факторы предрасположенности в отношении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Результаты GWAS позволяют в ряде случаев не только понять патофизиологические основы заболеваний, но и могут служить толчком для создания новых лекарственных препаратов. Вместе с тем, закономерно возникает вопрос о возможности применения накопленных знаний для прогнозирования развития заболеваний, в том числе СД2 и его сосудистых осложнений. В обзоре представлены литературные данные о возможностях использования результатов GWAS для расчета риска развития СД и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Определение индивидуального генетического риска позволит проводить первичную профилактику заболеваний и в ближайшее время, по всей видимости, будет являться основой персонализированной предиктивной медицины.

The method of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) steadily becomes the basis for searching for candidate genes of monogenic and multifactorial diseases, including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, obesity, vascular diseases, and others. To date, approximately 40 loci associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been identified and genetic predisposition factors for cardiovascular diseases have been determined. In some cases, the GWAS results not only enable understanding of the pathophysiologic basis for diseases, but also may give rise to new drugs. However, the question naturally arises about the possibility of implementing the accumulated knowledge to predict the development of diseases, including T2DM and its vascular complications. This review summarises the literature data on the possibilities to use the GWAS results to calculate the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Determination of the individual genetic risk will allow for the primary prevention of diseases and will apparently be the basis of personalised predictive medicine in the near future.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.