<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM2014147-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-6313</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Хроническая болезнь почек</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Chronic Kidney Disease</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инсулинорезистентность как системный фактор патогенеза заболеваний почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Insulin resistance as a systemic player in renal pathology: a review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюзиков</surname><given-names>Игорь Адамович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyuzikov</surname><given-names>Igor Adamovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, профессор Российской Академии Естествознания</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phoenix-67@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Медицинский Центр диагностики и профилактики-Плюс», Ярославль</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Centre for Diagnostics and Prevention «Plus», Yaroslavl</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>2014 №1</issue-title><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тюзиков И.А., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тюзиков И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyuzikov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6313">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6313</self-uri><abstract><p>В литературном обзоре на основе результатов новейших эпидемиологических, клинических и экспериментальных исследований проведен всесторонний анализ патофизиологической роли инсулинорезистентности как системного фактора патогенеза заболеваний почек, а также освещены доказанные и возможные механизмы этого влияния. Показано, что инсулинорезистентность, кроме специфической диагностической нагрузки как маркера нарушений углеводного обмена, является независимым предиктором риска развития и прогрессирования почечных заболеваний, включая хронические почечные заболевания, уролитиаз, кистозную болезнь и злокачественные опухоли почек. Раннее выявление и коррекция инсулинорезистентности может рассматриваться как перспективный и эффективный механизм ранней диагностики любых заболеваний почек, а также как один из компонентов их патогенетической фармакотерапии и профилактики. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Current review provides a multifaceted analysis of epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence for insulin resistance as a systemic player in the development of renal pathology. We discuss both established and potential mechanisms for this effect. Aside from being a marker for glycemic disorders, insulin resistance was shown to be an independent predictor of renal pathology, including such chronic conditions as urolithiasis, renal cysts and malignant renal neoplasms. Early detection and correction of insulin resistance is a promising approach to diagnostics, treatment and prevention of renal pathology. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>хронические заболевания почек</kwd><kwd>уролитиаз</kwd><kwd>кистозная почечная болезнь</kwd><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>диагностика.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>renal cysts</kwd><kwd>renal cancer</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Nelson DE, Engelgau MM, Vinicor F, et al. Diabetes trends in the U.S.: 1990-1998. Diabetes Care 2000 Sep;23(9):1278-1283. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278 PubMed PMID: 10977060. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, Nelson DE, Engelgau MM, Vinicor F, et al. Diabetes trends in the U.S.: 1990-1998. Diabetes Care 2000 Sep;23(9):1278-1283. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278 PubMed PMID: 10977060. doi: 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geiss LS, Pan L, Cadwell B, Gregg EW, Benjamin SM, Engelgau MM. Changes in Incidence of Diabetes in U.S. Adults, 1997–2003. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2006;30(5):371-377. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749379706000511 PubMed PMID: 16627124. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geiss LS, Pan L, Cadwell B, Gregg EW, Benjamin SM, Engelgau MM. Changes in Incidence of Diabetes in U.S. Adults, 1997–2003. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2006;30(5):371-377. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749379706000511 PubMed PMID: 16627124. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golden SH, Robinson KA, Saldanha I, Anton B, Ladenson PW. Prevalence and Incidence of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders in the United States: A Comprehensive Review. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp;amp; Metabolism 2009;94(6):1853-1878. Available from: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jc.2008-2291 doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-2291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golden SH, Robinson KA, Saldanha I, Anton B, Ladenson PW. Prevalence and Incidence of Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders in the United States: A Comprehensive Review. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp;amp; Metabolism 2009;94(6):1853-1878. Available from: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jc.2008-2291 doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-2291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геллер ЛИ. Патология внутренних органов при сахарном диабете. М: Медицина; 1975. С.132. [ Geller LE. Visceral pathology in diabetes. Moscow: Medicine; 1975. p.132. ]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Геллер ЛИ. Патология внутренних органов при сахарном диабете. М: Медицина; 1975. С.132. [ Geller LE. Visceral pathology in diabetes. Moscow: Medicine; 1975. p.132. ]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Диабетическая нефропатия. М: Универсум паблишинг; 2000. [ Dedov II, Shestakova MV. Diabetic nephropathy. Moscow: The Universe Publishing; 2000. ]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Диабетическая нефропатия. М: Универсум паблишинг; 2000. [ Dedov II, Shestakova MV. Diabetic nephropathy. Moscow: The Universe Publishing; 2000. ]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Сахарный диабет. М; Медицина; 2003. [ Dedov II, Shestakova MV. Diabetes mellitus. Moscow: Medicine; 2003. ]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов ИИ, Шестакова МВ. Сахарный диабет. М; Медицина; 2003. [ Dedov II, Shestakova MV. Diabetes mellitus. Moscow: Medicine; 2003. ]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groop L, Forsblom C, Lehtovirta M. Characterization of the Prediabetic State. American Journal of Hypertension. 1997;10(S6):172S-180S. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(97)00149-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groop L, Forsblom C, Lehtovirta M. Characterization of the Prediabetic State. American Journal of Hypertension. 1997;10(S6):172S-180S. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(97)00149-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeffry R. Diabetic nephropathy. In: Nephrology Secrets. Philadelphia. Translated from English. Ed. by Natochina Yu.V. Moscow - St. Petersburg; 2001. Pp. 115-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeffry R. Diabetic nephropathy. In: Nephrology Secrets. Philadelphia. Translated from English. Ed. by Natochina Yu.V. Moscow - St. Petersburg; 2001. Pp. 115-119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шулутко БИ. Вторичные нефропатии: клинико-морфологическое исследование. - Л.: Медицина, 1987. - 208 с. [Shulutko BI. Secondary nephropathy: Сlinical and morphological study. Leningrad: Medicine; 1987. P. 208.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шулутко БИ. Вторичные нефропатии: клинико-морфологическое исследование. - Л.: Медицина, 1987. - 208 с. [Shulutko BI. Secondary nephropathy: Сlinical and morphological study. Leningrad: Medicine; 1987. P. 208.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adler SG. Secondary glomerular diseases. In: The Kidney (5-th ed). Ed by Brenner B.M. Saunders; 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adler SG. Secondary glomerular diseases. In: The Kidney (5-th ed). Ed by Brenner B.M. Saunders; 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mogensen CE, Christensen CK, Vittinghus E. The Stages in Diabetic Renal Disease: With Emphasis on the Stage of Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 1983 Jun;32(Supplement_2):64-78. Available from: http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/diab.32.2.S64 PubMed PMID: 6400670. doi: 10.2337/diab.32.2.S64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mogensen CE, Christensen CK, Vittinghus E. The Stages in Diabetic Renal Disease: With Emphasis on the Stage of Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 1983 Jun;32(Supplement_2):64-78. Available from: http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/diab.32.2.S64 PubMed PMID: 6400670. doi: 10.2337/diab.32.2.S64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alberti G. Introduction to the metabolic syndrome. European Heart Journal Supplements. 2005;7(suppl D):D3-D5. Available from: http://eurheartjsupp.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/suppl_D/D3 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/sui021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alberti G. Introduction to the metabolic syndrome. European Heart Journal Supplements. 2005;7(suppl D):D3-D5. Available from: http://eurheartjsupp.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/suppl_D/D3 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/sui021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorbachinsky I, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Metabolic Syndrome and Urological Deseases. Reviews in Urology. 2010;12(4): 157-180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbachinsky I, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Metabolic Syndrome and Urological Deseases. Reviews in Urology. 2010;12(4): 157-180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grundy SM. Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005 Oct;112(17):2735-2752. Available from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404 PubMed PMID: 16157765. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grundy SM. Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005 Oct;112(17):2735-2752. Available from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404 PubMed PMID: 16157765. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang PL. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Disease Models &amp; Mechanisms 2009;2(5-6):231-237. Available from: http://dmm.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/dmm.001180 doi: 10.1242/dmm.001180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang PL. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Disease Models &amp; Mechanisms 2009;2(5-6):231-237. Available from: http://dmm.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/dmm.001180 doi: 10.1242/dmm.001180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутрова СА. Синдром инсулинорезистентности при абдоминальном ожирении. Лечащий врач. 1999; (7): 26-29. [Butrova CA. Insulinresistance syndrome with abdominal obesity. The attending physician. 1999; (7): 26-29.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бутрова СА. Синдром инсулинорезистентности при абдоминальном ожирении. Лечащий врач. 1999; (7): 26-29. [Butrova CA. Insulinresistance syndrome with abdominal obesity. The attending physician. 1999; (7): 26-29.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балаболкин МИ. Эндокринология. М: Универсум паблишинг; 1998. 582 с. [Balabolkin MI. Endocrinology. Moscow: The Universum Publishing; 1998. 582 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Балаболкин МИ. Эндокринология. М: Универсум паблишинг; 1998. 582 с. [Balabolkin MI. Endocrinology. Moscow: The Universum Publishing; 1998. 582 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов ИИ, Мельниченко ГА, Фадеев ВВ. Эндокринология. М: Медицина; 2000. 631 с. [Dedov II, Melnichenko GA, Fadeev VV. Endocrinology. Moscow: Medicine; 2000. 631 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Дедов ИИ, Мельниченко ГА, Фадеев ВВ. Эндокринология. М: Медицина; 2000. 631 с. [Dedov II, Melnichenko GA, Fadeev VV. Endocrinology. Moscow: Medicine; 2000. 631 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landsberg L. Diet, obesity and hypertension: an hypothesis involving insulin, the sympathetic nervous system, and adaptive thermogenesis. Q J Med 1986;61(236):1081-1090. Available from: http://ClinicalTrials.gov/search/term=3310065%20%5BPUBMED-IDS%5D PubMed PMID: 3310065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landsberg L. Diet, obesity and hypertension: an hypothesis involving insulin, the sympathetic nervous system, and adaptive thermogenesis. Q J Med 1986;61(236):1081-1090. Available from: http://ClinicalTrials.gov/search/term=3310065%20%5BPUBMED-IDS%5D PubMed PMID: 3310065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rustenbeck I. Desensitization of insulin secretion. Biochemical Pharmacology 2002;63(11):1921-1935. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006295202009966 PubMed PMID: 12093468. doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(02)00996-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rustenbeck I. Desensitization of insulin secretion. Biochemical Pharmacology 2002;63(11):1921-1935. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006295202009966 PubMed PMID: 12093468. doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(02)00996-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. N Engl J Med 2002 Feb;346(6):393-403. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa012512 PubMed PMID: 11832527. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al. Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin. N Engl J Med 2002 Feb;346(6):393-403. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa012512 PubMed PMID: 11832527. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Relative Muscle Mass Is Inversely Associated with Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes. Findings from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 2011;96(9):2898-2903. Available from: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jc.2011-0435 PubMed PMID: 21778224. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-0435.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Relative Muscle Mass Is Inversely Associated with Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes. Findings from The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 2011;96(9):2898-2903. Available from: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jc.2011-0435 PubMed PMID: 21778224. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-0435.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Traish AM, Saad F, Guay A. The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: II. Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance. Journal of Andrology 2008 Aug;30(1):23-32. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.2164/jandrol.108.005751 PubMed PMID: 18772488. doi: 10.2164/jandrol.108.005751.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Traish AM, Saad F, Guay A. The Dark Side of Testosterone Deficiency: II. Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance. Journal of Andrology 2008 Aug;30(1):23-32. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.2164/jandrol.108.005751 PubMed PMID: 18772488. doi: 10.2164/jandrol.108.005751.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинченко СЮ, Тюзиков ИА. Практическая андрология. М: Практическая медицина; 2009. 400 с. [Kalinchenko SYu, Tyuzikov IA. Practical andrology. Moscow: Practical Medicine; 2009. 400 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калинченко СЮ, Тюзиков ИА. Практическая андрология. М: Практическая медицина; 2009. 400 с. [Kalinchenko SYu, Tyuzikov IA. Practical andrology. Moscow: Practical Medicine; 2009. 400 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee M, Fried SK. Integration of hormonal and nutrient signals that regulate leptin synthesis and secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009 Mar;296(6). Available from: http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=19318513 PubMed PMID: 19318513. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.90927.2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee M, Fried SK. Integration of hormonal and nutrient signals that regulate leptin synthesis and secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009 Mar;296(6). Available from: http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=19318513 PubMed PMID: 19318513. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.90927.2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leibson CL, O' Brien PC, Atkinson E, Palumbo PJ, Melton 3rd, L.J. . Relative Contributions of Incidence and Survival to Increasing Prevalence of Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997 Jul;146(1):12-22. Available from: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009187 PubMed PMID: 9215219. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leibson CL, O' Brien PC, Atkinson E, Palumbo PJ, Melton 3rd, L.J. . Relative Contributions of Incidence and Survival to Increasing Prevalence of Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997 Jul;146(1):12-22. Available from: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009187 PubMed PMID: 9215219. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McVARY KT, Rademaker A, Lloyd GL, Gann P. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OVERACTIVITY IN MEN WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS SECONDARY TO BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. The Journal of Urology 2005;174(4):1327-1333. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002253470168618X doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000173072.73702.64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McVARY KT, Rademaker A, Lloyd GL, Gann P. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM OVERACTIVITY IN MEN WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS SECONDARY TO BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. The Journal of Urology 2005;174(4):1327-1333. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002253470168618X doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000173072.73702.64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R. Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2003 May;26(5):1553-1579. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553 PubMed PMID: 12716821. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R. Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2003 May;26(5):1553-1579. Available from: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553 PubMed PMID: 12716821. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова МВ. Дисфункция эндотелия – причина или следствие метаболического синдрома? Русский Медицинский Журнал. 2001;9(2):88-101. [Shestakova MV. Endothelial dysfunction - a cause or consequence of metabolic syndrome? Russian Medical Journal. 2001, 9 (2): 88-101.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова МВ. Дисфункция эндотелия – причина или следствие метаболического синдрома? Русский Медицинский Журнал. 2001;9(2):88-101. [Shestakova MV. Endothelial dysfunction - a cause or consequence of metabolic syndrome? Russian Medical Journal. 2001, 9 (2): 88-101.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baron AD. Insulin resistance and vascular function. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 2002;16(1):92-102. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1056872701002094 PubMed PMID: 11872375. doi: 10.1016/S1056-8727(01)00209-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baron AD. Insulin resistance and vascular function. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications 2002;16(1):92-102. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1056872701002094 PubMed PMID: 11872375. doi: 10.1016/S1056-8727(01)00209-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yassin AA, Saad F, Gooren LJ. Metabolic syndrome, testosterone deficiency and erectile dysfunction never come alone. Andrologia 2008;40(4):259-264. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00851.x PubMed PMID: 18727737. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00851.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yassin AA, Saad F, Gooren LJ. Metabolic syndrome, testosterone deficiency and erectile dysfunction never come alone. Andrologia 2008;40(4):259-264. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00851.x PubMed PMID: 18727737. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00851.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krentz AJ. Insulin Resistance. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2002. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470698921 doi: 10.1002/9780470698921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krentz AJ. Insulin Resistance. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2002. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470698921 doi: 10.1002/9780470698921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mravec B. Role of catecholamine-induced activation of vagal afferent pathways in regulation of sympathoadrenal system activity: negative feedback loop of stress response.. Endocr Regul 2011;45(1):37-41. Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+51-43-4 PubMed PMID: 21314209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mravec B. Role of catecholamine-induced activation of vagal afferent pathways in regulation of sympathoadrenal system activity: negative feedback loop of stress response.. Endocr Regul 2011;45(1):37-41. Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+51-43-4 PubMed PMID: 21314209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blaak E. Gender differences in fat metabolism. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2001;4(6):499-502. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00075197-200111000-00006 PubMed PMID: 11706283. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200111000-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaak E. Gender differences in fat metabolism. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2001;4(6):499-502. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00075197-200111000-00006 PubMed PMID: 11706283. doi: 10.1097/00075197-200111000-00006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rendina D, Mossetti G, De Filippo G, Benvenuto D, Vivona CL, Imbroinise A, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 Oct;24(3):900-906. Available from: http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ndt/gfn548 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rendina D, Mossetti G, De Filippo G, Benvenuto D, Vivona CL, Imbroinise A, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 Oct;24(3):900-906. Available from: http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ndt/gfn548 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakhaee K. Nephrolithiasis as a systemic disorder. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2008;17(3):304-309. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneystones.html PubMed PMID: 18408483. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f8b34d.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakhaee K. Nephrolithiasis as a systemic disorder. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2008;17(3):304-309. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneystones.html PubMed PMID: 18408483. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f8b34d.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garrido AM, Griendling KK. NADPH oxidases and angiotensin II receptor signaling. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2009;302(2):148-158. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303720708005212 PubMed PMID: 19059306. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garrido AM, Griendling KK. NADPH oxidases and angiotensin II receptor signaling. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2009;302(2):148-158. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0303720708005212 PubMed PMID: 19059306. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddi AS, Bollineni JS. Selenium-deficient diet induces renal oxidative stress and injury via TGF-beta1 in normal and diabetic rats. Kidney Int 2001;59(4):1342-1353. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041342.x doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041342.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddi AS, Bollineni JS. Selenium-deficient diet induces renal oxidative stress and injury via TGF-beta1 in normal and diabetic rats. Kidney Int 2001;59(4):1342-1353. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041342.x doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041342.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mansouri E, Panahi M, Ghaffari MA, Ghorbani A. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in rat kidney.. Iran Biomed J 2011;15(3):100-106. Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/21987116 PubMed PMID: 21987116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mansouri E, Panahi M, Ghaffari MA, Ghorbani A. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in rat kidney.. Iran Biomed J 2011;15(3):100-106. Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/21987116 PubMed PMID: 21987116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maniu A, Perde-Schrepler M, Cosgarea M. Protective effect of L-N-acetylcysteine against gentamycin ototoxicity in the organ cultures of the rat cochlea. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011;52(1):159-164. Available from: http://www.rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/520111159164.pdf PubMed PMID: 21424048.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maniu A, Perde-Schrepler M, Cosgarea M. Protective effect of L-N-acetylcysteine against gentamycin ototoxicity in the organ cultures of the rat cochlea. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011;52(1):159-164. Available from: http://www.rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/520111159164.pdf PubMed PMID: 21424048.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigo R, Rivera G. Renal damage mediated by oxidative stress: a hypothesis of protective effects of red wine. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2002;33(3):409-422. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0891584902009085 PubMed PMID: 12126763. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00908-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigo R, Rivera G. Renal damage mediated by oxidative stress: a hypothesis of protective effects of red wine. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2002;33(3):409-422. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0891584902009085 PubMed PMID: 12126763. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00908-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюзиков ИА. Роль профилактических осмотров в выявлении инфекции мочеполовой системы у мужчин с сахарным диабетом. Сборник материалов V Межрегиональной научно-практ. конференции «Инфекции мочевых путей у взрослых и детей». Ярославль: 2010. С. 43-44. [Tyuzikov IA. The role of preventive examinations in detecting infections of the genitourinary system in men with diabetes. Proceedings of V Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference "Urinary tract infections in adults and children". Yaroslavl: 2010. p. 43-44.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тюзиков ИА. Роль профилактических осмотров в выявлении инфекции мочеполовой системы у мужчин с сахарным диабетом. Сборник материалов V Межрегиональной научно-практ. конференции «Инфекции мочевых путей у взрослых и детей». Ярославль: 2010. С. 43-44. [Tyuzikov IA. The role of preventive examinations in detecting infections of the genitourinary system in men with diabetes. Proceedings of V Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference "Urinary tract infections in adults and children". Yaroslavl: 2010. p. 43-44.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюзиков ИА, Иванов АП. Новые патогенетические механизмы заболеваний единственной почки (пилотное исследование). Фундаментальные исследования. 2011; 11 (2): 366-368. [Tyuzikov IA, Ivanov AP. New pathogenetic mechanisms of single kidney disease (pilot study). Fundamental research 2011;11(2):366-368.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тюзиков ИА, Иванов АП. Новые патогенетические механизмы заболеваний единственной почки (пилотное исследование). Фундаментальные исследования. 2011; 11 (2): 366-368. [Tyuzikov IA, Ivanov AP. New pathogenetic mechanisms of single kidney disease (pilot study). Fundamental research 2011;11(2):366-368.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинченко СЮ, Тюзиков ИА. Метаболический синдром и уролитиаз (литературный обзор). Медицинский алфавит. Больница. 2011; 3(6): 33-40. [Kalinchenko SYu, Tyuzikov IA. Metabolic Syndrome and urolithiasis (review). Meditsinskiy alfavit. Bol'nitsa. 2011; 3(6): 33-40.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калинченко СЮ, Тюзиков ИА. Метаболический синдром и уролитиаз (литературный обзор). Медицинский алфавит. Больница. 2011; 3(6): 33-40. [Kalinchenko SYu, Tyuzikov IA. Metabolic Syndrome and urolithiasis (review). Meditsinskiy alfavit. Bol'nitsa. 2011; 3(6): 33-40.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов АП, Тюзиков ИА. Влияние заболеваний единственной почки на ее функциональное состояние в отдаленном периоде после нефрэктомии. Российский медицинский журнал. 2012; (1): 24-26. 33. [Ivanov AP, Tyuzikov IA. Impact of diseases of a solitary kidney on its functional status in the late period of nephrectomy. Russian medical journal. 2012;(1): 24-26.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Иванов АП, Тюзиков ИА. Влияние заболеваний единственной почки на ее функциональное состояние в отдаленном периоде после нефрэктомии. Российский медицинский журнал. 2012; (1): 24-26. 33. [Ivanov AP, Tyuzikov IA. Impact of diseases of a solitary kidney on its functional status in the late period of nephrectomy. Russian medical journal. 2012;(1): 24-26.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюзиков ИА, Иванов АП, Калинченко СЮ. Клинико-экспериментальное обоснование патогенеза заболеваний единственной почки как междисциплинарной проблемы. Вестник Российского научного Центра рентгенорадиологии (электронный журнал). 2012; 2(12). URL: http://vestnik.rncrr.ru/vestnik/v12/papers/tuzikov_v12.htm (дата обращения 29.06.2012). [Tyuzikov IA, Ivanov AP, Kalinchenko SYu. Clinical and Experimental Substantiation of Solitary Kidney’ Diseases Pathogenesis as Interdisciplinary Problem. Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology. 2012; 2(12). Available from: http://vestnik.rncrr.ru/vestnik/v12/papers/tuzikov_v12.htm]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тюзиков ИА, Иванов АП, Калинченко СЮ. Клинико-экспериментальное обоснование патогенеза заболеваний единственной почки как междисциплинарной проблемы. Вестник Российского научного Центра рентгенорадиологии (электронный журнал). 2012; 2(12). URL: http://vestnik.rncrr.ru/vestnik/v12/papers/tuzikov_v12.htm (дата обращения 29.06.2012). [Tyuzikov IA, Ivanov AP, Kalinchenko SYu. Clinical and Experimental Substantiation of Solitary Kidney’ Diseases Pathogenesis as Interdisciplinary Problem. Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology. 2012; 2(12). Available from: http://vestnik.rncrr.ru/vestnik/v12/papers/tuzikov_v12.htm]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюзиков ИА, Мартов АГ. Системные метаболические факторы патогенеза заболеваний единственной почки у мужчин (пилотное исследование). Урология. 2012; (3): 11-14. [Tyuzikov IA, Martov AG. Systemic metabolic pathogenetic factors of affection of the solitary kidney in males (a pilot trial). Urologiya. 2012;(3):11-14.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тюзиков ИА, Мартов АГ. Системные метаболические факторы патогенеза заболеваний единственной почки у мужчин (пилотное исследование). Урология. 2012; (3): 11-14. [Tyuzikov IA, Martov AG. Systemic metabolic pathogenetic factors of affection of the solitary kidney in males (a pilot trial). Urologiya. 2012;(3):11-14.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svartberg J, von Mühlen D, Schirmer H, Barrett-Connor E, Sundfjord J, Jorde R. Association of endogenous testosterone with blood pressure and left ventricular mass in men. The Tromso Study. European Journal of Endocrinology 2004 Jan;150(1):65-71. Available from: http://www.eje-online.org/cgi/doi/10.1530/eje.0.1500065 PubMed PMID: 14713281. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1500065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svartberg J, von Mühlen D, Schirmer H, Barrett-Connor E, Sundfjord J, Jorde R. Association of endogenous testosterone with blood pressure and left ventricular mass in men. The Tromso Study. European Journal of Endocrinology 2004 Jan;150(1):65-71. Available from: http://www.eje-online.org/cgi/doi/10.1530/eje.0.1500065 PubMed PMID: 14713281. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1500065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Печерский АВ, Домбровская ЮА, Печерская ОВ, Мороз БТ. Половые гормоны и регуляция экспрессии инсулиновых рецепторов. Материалы VI Российского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье» с международным участием. Москва; 2010. С. 308-310. [Pecherskiy AV, Dombrovskaya YuA, Pecherskaya OV, Moroz BT. Sex hormones and the regulation of expression of insulin receptors. Proceedings of the VI Congress of the Russian "Men's Health" with international participation. Moscow, 2010. Pp. 308-310.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Печерский АВ, Домбровская ЮА, Печерская ОВ, Мороз БТ. Половые гормоны и регуляция экспрессии инсулиновых рецепторов. Материалы VI Российского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье» с международным участием. Москва; 2010. С. 308-310. [Pecherskiy AV, Dombrovskaya YuA, Pecherskaya OV, Moroz BT. Sex hormones and the regulation of expression of insulin receptors. Proceedings of the VI Congress of the Russian "Men's Health" with international participation. Moscow, 2010. Pp. 308-310.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Печерский АВ, Домбровская ЮА, Печерская ОВ, Мороз БТ. Роль частичного возрастного андрогенного дефицита в развитии инсулинорезистентности и нарушений микроциркуляции. Материалы Международного Конгресса по андрологии. Сочи, Дагомыс; 2009. С. 132. [Pecherskiy AV, Dombrovskaya YuA, Pecherskaya OV, Moroz BT. The role of partial androgen deficiency of age in the development of insulin resistance and microcirculatory disorders. Proceedings of the International Congress of Andrology. Sochi, Dagomys; 2009. P. 132.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Печерский АВ, Домбровская ЮА, Печерская ОВ, Мороз БТ. Роль частичного возрастного андрогенного дефицита в развитии инсулинорезистентности и нарушений микроциркуляции. Материалы Международного Конгресса по андрологии. Сочи, Дагомыс; 2009. С. 132. [Pecherskiy AV, Dombrovskaya YuA, Pecherskaya OV, Moroz BT. The role of partial androgen deficiency of age in the development of insulin resistance and microcirculatory disorders. Proceedings of the International Congress of Andrology. Sochi, Dagomys; 2009. P. 132.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюзиков ИА, Борисов НВ. Гормонально-метаболические аспекты нарушения функции единственной почки у мужчин. Материалы IX Форума и медицинской выставки «Мужское здоровье и долголетие». Москва; 2011. С. 65-66. [Tyuzikov IA, Borisov NV. Hormonal and metabolic aspects of single renal dysfunction in men. Proceedings of IX Forum and medical exhibition "Men's health and longevity." Moscow; 2011. Pp. 65-66].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тюзиков ИА, Борисов НВ. Гормонально-метаболические аспекты нарушения функции единственной почки у мужчин. Материалы IX Форума и медицинской выставки «Мужское здоровье и долголетие». Москва; 2011. С. 65-66. [Tyuzikov IA, Borisov NV. Hormonal and metabolic aspects of single renal dysfunction in men. Proceedings of IX Forum and medical exhibition "Men's health and longevity." Moscow; 2011. Pp. 65-66].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шустер ПИ. Возрастной андрогенный дефицит – один из ведущих этиологических факторов уролитиаза у мужчин. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 37-38. [Shuster PI. Age androgen deficiency - one of the leading etiological factors of urolithiasis in men. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 37-38].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шустер ПИ. Возрастной андрогенный дефицит – один из ведущих этиологических факторов уролитиаза у мужчин. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 37-38. [Shuster PI. Age androgen deficiency - one of the leading etiological factors of urolithiasis in men. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 37-38].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назаров ТН, Александров ВП, Михайличенко ВВ. Физико-химические свойства мочи и крови при уролитиазе с сопутствующим возрастным андрогенным дефицитом. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 34-35. [Nazarov VT, Aleksandrov VP, Mikhaylichenko VV. Physico-chemical properties of urine and blood urolithiasis with concomitant androgen deficiency. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 34-35].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Назаров ТН, Александров ВП, Михайличенко ВВ. Физико-химические свойства мочи и крови при уролитиазе с сопутствующим возрастным андрогенным дефицитом. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 34-35. [Nazarov VT, Aleksandrov VP, Mikhaylichenko VV. Physico-chemical properties of urine and blood urolithiasis with concomitant androgen deficiency. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 34-35].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назаров ТН, Трубникова КЕ. Изменения показателей почечного кровотока до и после тестостерон заместительной терапии при уролитиазе с сопутствующим возрастным андрогенным дефицитом. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 280-281.[ Nazarov VT, Trubnikova KE. Changes in renal blood flow before and after therapy testosteron replacement therapy in urolithiasis with concomitant androgen deficiency. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 280-281].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Назаров ТН, Трубникова КЕ. Изменения показателей почечного кровотока до и после тестостерон заместительной терапии при уролитиазе с сопутствующим возрастным андрогенным дефицитом. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 280-281.[ Nazarov VT, Trubnikova KE. Changes in renal blood flow before and after therapy testosteron replacement therapy in urolithiasis with concomitant androgen deficiency. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 280-281].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новикова МС, Шилов ЕМ, Калинченко СЮ, Борисов ВВ, Тишова ЮА. Влияние гипогонадизма и его коррекции на скорость клубочковой фильтрации у мужчин с метаболическим синдромом. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 35-36. [Novikova MS, Shilov EM, Kalinchenko SYu, Borisov VV, Tishova YuA. Effect of hypogonadism and correction glomerular filtration rate in men with metabolic syndrome. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 35-36].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Новикова МС, Шилов ЕМ, Калинченко СЮ, Борисов ВВ, Тишова ЮА. Влияние гипогонадизма и его коррекции на скорость клубочковой фильтрации у мужчин с метаболическим синдромом. Материалы IV Всероссийского Конгресса «Мужское здоровье». Москва; 2008. С. 35-36. [Novikova MS, Shilov EM, Kalinchenko SYu, Borisov VV, Tishova YuA. Effect of hypogonadism and correction glomerular filtration rate in men with metabolic syndrome. Proceedings of the IV Russian Congress of "Men's Health". Moscow; 2008. Pp. 35-36].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinberg JM. Lipotoxicity. Kidney Int 2006;70(9):1560-1566. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/sj.ki.5001834 PubMed PMID: 16955100. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001834.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinberg JM. Lipotoxicity. Kidney Int 2006;70(9):1560-1566. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/sj.ki.5001834 PubMed PMID: 16955100. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001834.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schaffer JE. Lipotoxicity: when tissues overeat. Current Opinion in Lipidology 2003;14(3):281-287. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00041433-200306000-00008 PubMed PMID: 12840659. doi: 10.1097/00041433-200306000-00008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schaffer JE. Lipotoxicity: when tissues overeat. Current Opinion in Lipidology 2003;14(3):281-287. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00041433-200306000-00008 PubMed PMID: 12840659. doi: 10.1097/00041433-200306000-00008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niemczyk S, Niemczyk L, Romejko-Ciepielewska K. Basic endocrinological disorders in chronic renal failure. Endokrynol Pol 2012;63(3):250-257. Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+50-23-7 PubMed PMID: 22744632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niemczyk S, Niemczyk L, Romejko-Ciepielewska K. Basic endocrinological disorders in chronic renal failure. Endokrynol Pol 2012;63(3):250-257. Available from: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+50-23-7 PubMed PMID: 22744632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pham H, Utzschneider KM, de Boer IH. Measurement of insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 2011;20(6):640-646. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00041552-201111000-00012 PubMed PMID: 21885970. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32834b23c1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pham H, Utzschneider KM, de Boer IH. Measurement of insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 2011;20(6):640-646. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00041552-201111000-00012 PubMed PMID: 21885970. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32834b23c1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng H, Huang J, Chiang C, Yen C, Hung K, Wu K. Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors for Development of Chronic Kidney Disease and Rapid Decline in Renal Function in Elderly. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 2012;97(4):1268-1276. Available from: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jc.2011-2658 PubMed PMID: 22337909. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng H, Huang J, Chiang C, Yen C, Hung K, Wu K. Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors for Development of Chronic Kidney Disease and Rapid Decline in Renal Function in Elderly. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 2012;97(4):1268-1276. Available from: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jc.2011-2658 PubMed PMID: 22337909. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бернштейн ЛМ. Метформин и онкологическая заболеваемость. Сахарный диабет. 2010: (3): 66-70. [Bershteyn LM. Metformin and cancer mortality. Diabetes mellitus 2010 Sep; (3):66-70.] Available from: http://endojournals.ru/index.php/dia/article/view/5491 doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бернштейн ЛМ. Метформин и онкологическая заболеваемость. Сахарный диабет. 2010: (3): 66-70. [Bershteyn LM. Metformin and cancer mortality. Diabetes mellitus 2010 Sep; (3):66-70.] Available from: http://endojournals.ru/index.php/dia/article/view/5491 doi: 10.14341/2072-0351-5491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев ДА, Семенова НВ, Берштейн ЛМ. Сахарный диабет, нарушение толерантности к глюкозе и злокачественные новообразования: степень риска и меры воздействия. Российсий онкологический журнал. 2008;(3):49-54. [Vasil'ev DA, Semenova NV, Bershteyn LM. Diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance, and malignancies: the degree of a risk and interventional measures. Russian Journal of Oncology. 2008; (3):49-54].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Васильев ДА, Семенова НВ, Берштейн ЛМ. Сахарный диабет, нарушение толерантности к глюкозе и злокачественные новообразования: степень риска и меры воздействия. Российсий онкологический журнал. 2008;(3):49-54. [Vasil'ev DA, Semenova NV, Bershteyn LM. Diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance, and malignancies: the degree of a risk and interventional measures. Russian Journal of Oncology. 2008; (3):49-54].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Метаболический синдром. Под ред. Ройтберга ГЕ. М: МЕД-пресс-информ; 2007. 224 с. [Metabolic syndrome. Ed. by Roitberg GE. Moscow: MED-press-inform; 2007. 224 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Метаболический синдром. Под ред. Ройтберга ГЕ. М: МЕД-пресс-информ; 2007. 224 с. [Metabolic syndrome. Ed. by Roitberg GE. Moscow: MED-press-inform; 2007. 224 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez-Lara K, Morales-Graf L, Green D, Sosa-Sánchez R, Méndez-Sánchez N. [Cancer and obesity]. Gac Med Mex 2010;146(5):326-331. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cancer.html PubMed PMID: 21348288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez-Lara K, Morales-Graf L, Green D, Sosa-Sánchez R, Méndez-Sánchez N. [Cancer and obesity]. Gac Med Mex 2010;146(5):326-331. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cancer.html PubMed PMID: 21348288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Q, Wu Q, Zhang A. [Metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance in patients with colorectal cancer].. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2011;14(4):261-263. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/colorectalcancer.html PubMed PMID: 21538267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Q, Wu Q, Zhang A. [Metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance in patients with colorectal cancer].. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2011;14(4):261-263. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/colorectalcancer.html PubMed PMID: 21538267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ensling M, Steinmann W, Whaley-Connell A. Hypoglycemia: A Possible Link between Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Dyslipidemia, and Heart and Kidney Disease (the Cardiorenal Syndrome. Cardiorenal Med 2011;1(1):67-74. Available from: http://www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000322886 PubMed PMID: 22258467. doi: 10.1159/000322886.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ensling M, Steinmann W, Whaley-Connell A. Hypoglycemia: A Possible Link between Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Dyslipidemia, and Heart and Kidney Disease (the Cardiorenal Syndrome. Cardiorenal Med 2011;1(1):67-74. Available from: http://www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000322886 PubMed PMID: 22258467. doi: 10.1159/000322886.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duffey BG, Pedro RN, Kriedberg C, Weiland D, Melquist J, Ikramuddin S, et al. Lithogenic Risk Factors in the Morbidly Obese Population. The Journal of Urology 2008;179(4):1401-1406. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022534707031114 PubMed PMID: 18289566. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.072.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duffey BG, Pedro RN, Kriedberg C, Weiland D, Melquist J, Ikramuddin S, et al. Lithogenic Risk Factors in the Morbidly Obese Population. The Journal of Urology 2008;179(4):1401-1406. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022534707031114 PubMed PMID: 18289566. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.072.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekeruo WO, Tan YH, Young MD, Dahm P, Maloney ME, Mathias BJ, et al. Metabolic risk factors and the impact of medical therapy on the management of nephrolithiasis in obese patients. The Journal of urology 2004;172(1):159-163. Available from: http://www.scholaruniverse.com/ncbi-linkout?id=15201761 PubMed PMID: 15201761. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000128574.50588.97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekeruo WO, Tan YH, Young MD, Dahm P, Maloney ME, Mathias BJ, et al. Metabolic risk factors and the impact of medical therapy on the management of nephrolithiasis in obese patients. The Journal of urology 2004;172(1):159-163. Available from: http://www.scholaruniverse.com/ncbi-linkout?id=15201761 PubMed PMID: 15201761. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000128574.50588.97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аполихин ОИ, Сивков АВ, Бешлиев ДА, Солнцева ТВ, Комарова ВА. Анализ уронефрологической заболеваемости в Российской Федерации по данным официальной статистики. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2010;(1):4-11. [Apolihin OI, Sivkov AV, Moskaleva NG, Solntseva TV, Komarova VA.]Analysis of uronephrological incidence in children in the Russian Federation according to official statistics. Eksperimentalʹnaia i klinicheskaia urologiia 2010; (1):4-11].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аполихин ОИ, Сивков АВ, Бешлиев ДА, Солнцева ТВ, Комарова ВА. Анализ уронефрологической заболеваемости в Российской Федерации по данным официальной статистики. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2010;(1):4-11. [Apolihin OI, Sivkov AV, Moskaleva NG, Solntseva TV, Komarova VA.]Analysis of uronephrological incidence in children in the Russian Federation according to official statistics. Eksperimentalʹnaia i klinicheskaia urologiia 2010; (1):4-11].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голованов СА, Сивков АВ, Дзеранов НК, Яненко ЭК, Дрожжева ВВ. Распространенность метаболических типов мочекаменной болезни в московском регионе: сравнительный анализ за период с 1990 по 2000 годы. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2010;(3):27-32. [Golovanov SA, Sivkov AV, Dzeranov NK, Yanenko EK, Drojjeva VV. Moscow region metabolic types of urolithiasis occurrence: сomparative analysis for 1990-2000 period. Eksperimentalʹnaia i klinicheskaia urologiia 2010;(3):27-32]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Голованов СА, Сивков АВ, Дзеранов НК, Яненко ЭК, Дрожжева ВВ. Распространенность метаболических типов мочекаменной болезни в московском регионе: сравнительный анализ за период с 1990 по 2000 годы. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2010;(3):27-32. [Golovanov SA, Sivkov AV, Dzeranov NK, Yanenko EK, Drojjeva VV. Moscow region metabolic types of urolithiasis occurrence: сomparative analysis for 1990-2000 period. Eksperimentalʹnaia i klinicheskaia urologiia 2010;(3):27-32]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rendina D, Mossetti G, De Filippo G, Benvenuto D, Vivona CL, Imbroinise A, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 Oct;24(3):900-906. Available from: http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ndt/gfn548 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rendina D, Mossetti G, De Filippo G, Benvenuto D, Vivona CL, Imbroinise A, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 Oct;24(3):900-906. Available from: http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/ndt/gfn548 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">West B, Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Cao G, Shoham D, Kramer H. Metabolic Syndrome and Self-Reported History of Kidney Stones: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2008;51(5):741-747. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272638608000620 PubMed PMID: 18436084. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.12.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">West B, Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Cao G, Shoham D, Kramer H. Metabolic Syndrome and Self-Reported History of Kidney Stones: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2008;51(5):741-747. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272638608000620 PubMed PMID: 18436084. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.12.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scales Jr CD, Curtis LH, Norris RD, Springhart WP, Sur RL, Schulman KA, et al. Changing Gender Prevalence of Stone Disease. The Journal of Urology 2007;177(3):979-982. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022534706027315 PubMed PMID: 17296391. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scales Jr CD, Curtis LH, Norris RD, Springhart WP, Sur RL, Schulman KA, et al. Changing Gender Prevalence of Stone Disease. The Journal of Urology 2007;177(3):979-982. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022534706027315 PubMed PMID: 17296391. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamm LL, Hering-Smith KS. Pathophysiology of hypocitraturic nephrolithiasis. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 2002;31(4):885-893. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889852902000312 doi: 10.1016/S0889-8529(02)00031-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamm LL, Hering-Smith KS. Pathophysiology of hypocitraturic nephrolithiasis. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 2002;31(4):885-893. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889852902000312 doi: 10.1016/S0889-8529(02)00031-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abate N, Chandalia M, Cabo-Chan AV, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. The metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: Novel features of renal manifestation of insulin resistance. Kidney Int 2004;65(2):386-392. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00386.x PubMed PMID: 14717908. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00386.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abate N, Chandalia M, Cabo-Chan AV, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. The metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis: Novel features of renal manifestation of insulin resistance. Kidney Int 2004;65(2):386-392. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00386.x PubMed PMID: 14717908. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00386.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Adams-Huet B, Sakhaee K. Low Urine pH: A Novel Feature of the Metabolic Syndrome. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2007;2(5):883-888. Available from: http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=17702734 PubMed PMID: 17702734. doi: 10.2215/cjn.0067020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Adams-Huet B, Sakhaee K. Low Urine pH: A Novel Feature of the Metabolic Syndrome. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2007;2(5):883-888. Available from: http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=17702734 PubMed PMID: 17702734. doi: 10.2215/cjn.0067020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. Novel insights into the pathogenesis of uric acid nephrolithiasis. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 2004;13(2):181-189. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00041552-200403000-00006 PubMed PMID: 15202612. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200403000-00006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. Novel insights into the pathogenesis of uric acid nephrolithiasis. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension 2004;13(2):181-189. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&amp;an=00041552-200403000-00006 PubMed PMID: 15202612. doi: 10.1097/00041552-200403000-00006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagami GT. Luminal secretion of ammonia in the mouse proximal tubule perfused in vitro. J. Clin. Invest 1988;81(1):159-164. Available from: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/113287 doi: 10.1172/JCI113287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagami GT. Luminal secretion of ammonia in the mouse proximal tubule perfused in vitro. J. Clin. Invest 1988;81(1):159-164. Available from: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/113287 doi: 10.1172/JCI113287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwille PO, Schmiedl A, Herrmann U, Wipplinger J, Schwille PO. Postprandial hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and inappropriately high phosphaturia are features of younger males with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: Attenuation by ascorbic acid supplementation of a test meal. Urol. Res 1997;25(1):49-58. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00941906 PubMed PMID: 9079746. doi: 10.1007/BF00941906.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwille PO, Schmiedl A, Herrmann U, Wipplinger J, Schwille PO. Postprandial hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and inappropriately high phosphaturia are features of younger males with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: Attenuation by ascorbic acid supplementation of a test meal. Urol. Res 1997;25(1):49-58. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00941906 PubMed PMID: 9079746. doi: 10.1007/BF00941906.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klisic J, Hu MC, Nief V, Reyes L, Fuster D, Moe OW, et al. Insulin activates Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3: biphasic response and glucocorticoid dependence.. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002;283(3):10-1152. Available from: http://ajprenal.physiology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=12167605 PubMed PMID: 12167605. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klisic J, Hu MC, Nief V, Reyes L, Fuster D, Moe OW, et al. Insulin activates Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3: biphasic response and glucocorticoid dependence.. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002;283(3):10-1152. Available from: http://ajprenal.physiology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=12167605 PubMed PMID: 12167605. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00365.2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worcester EM, Gillen DL, Evan AP, Parks JH, Wright K, Trumbore L. Evidence that postprandial reduction of renal calcium reabsorption mediates hypercalciuria of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. American Journal of Physiology. 2007;292(1):F66-F75. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worcester EM, Gillen DL, Evan AP, Parks JH, Wright K, Trumbore L. Evidence that postprandial reduction of renal calcium reabsorption mediates hypercalciuria of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. American Journal of Physiology. 2007;292(1):F66-F75. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemann J, Pleuss JA, Worcester EM, Hornick L, Schrab D, Hoffmann RG. Urinary oxalate excretion increases with body size and decreases with increasing dietary calcium intake among healthy adults. Kidney Int 1996;49(1):200-208. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ki.1996.27 PubMed PMID: 8770968. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lemann J, Pleuss JA, Worcester EM, Hornick L, Schrab D, Hoffmann RG. Urinary oxalate excretion increases with body size and decreases with increasing dietary calcium intake among healthy adults. Kidney Int 1996;49(1):200-208. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ki.1996.27 PubMed PMID: 8770968. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kabeya Y, Kato K, Tomita M, Katsuki T, Oikawa Y, Shimada A, et al. Associations of Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Control with the Risk of Kidney Stones. Intern. Med 2012;51(7):699-705. Available from: http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/internalmedicine/51.6426?from=CrossRef PubMed PMID: 22466823. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabeya Y, Kato K, Tomita M, Katsuki T, Oikawa Y, Shimada A, et al. Associations of Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Control with the Risk of Kidney Stones. Intern. Med 2012;51(7):699-705. Available from: http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/internalmedicine/51.6426?from=CrossRef PubMed PMID: 22466823. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Урология. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Лопаткина НА. М: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009. 1014 с. [Urology. National Guidelines. Ed. by Lopatkin ON. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. 1014 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Урология. Национальное руководство. Под ред. Лопаткина НА. М: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009. 1014 с. [Urology. National Guidelines. Ed. by Lopatkin ON. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. 1014 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moudouni S, En-Nia I, Rioux-Leclerq N, Bensalah K, Guille F, Lobel B, et al. [Renal cell carcinoma before the age of 40: prognostic factors].. Prog Urol 2002;12(4):575-578. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneycancer.html PubMed PMID: 12463113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moudouni S, En-Nia I, Rioux-Leclerq N, Bensalah K, Guille F, Lobel B, et al. [Renal cell carcinoma before the age of 40: prognostic factors].. Prog Urol 2002;12(4):575-578. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneycancer.html PubMed PMID: 12463113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belfiore A. , Malaguarnera R. The insulin receptor and cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2011;18:R125-R147. doi: 10.1530/ERC-11-0074.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belfiore A. , Malaguarnera R. The insulin receptor and cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2011;18:R125-R147. doi: 10.1530/ERC-11-0074.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka S, Wands JR. Insulin receptor substrate 1 overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells prevents transforming growth factor beta1-induced apoptosis.. Cancer Res 1996 Aug;56(15):3391-3394. Available from: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=8758899 PubMed PMID: 8758899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka S, Wands JR. Insulin receptor substrate 1 overexpression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells prevents transforming growth factor beta1-induced apoptosis.. Cancer Res 1996 Aug;56(15):3391-3394. Available from: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=8758899 PubMed PMID: 8758899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frasca F, Pandini G, Sciacca L, Pezzino V, Squatrito S, Belfiore A, et al. The role of insulin receptors and IGF-I receptors in cancer and other diseases. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 2008;114(1):23-37. Available from: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13813450801969715 PubMed PMID: 18465356. doi: 10.1080/13813450801969715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frasca F, Pandini G, Sciacca L, Pezzino V, Squatrito S, Belfiore A, et al. The role of insulin receptors and IGF-I receptors in cancer and other diseases. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 2008;114(1):23-37. Available from: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13813450801969715 PubMed PMID: 18465356. doi: 10.1080/13813450801969715.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forte V, Pandey A, Abdelmessih R, Forte G, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR, et al. Obesity, Diabetes, the Cardiorenal Syndrome, and Risk for Cancer. Cardiorenal Med 2012;2(2):143-162. Available from: http://www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000337314 PubMed PMID: 22851963. doi: 10.1159/000337314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forte V, Pandey A, Abdelmessih R, Forte G, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR, et al. Obesity, Diabetes, the Cardiorenal Syndrome, and Risk for Cancer. Cardiorenal Med 2012;2(2):143-162. Available from: http://www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000337314 PubMed PMID: 22851963. doi: 10.1159/000337314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanner RM, Brown TM, Muntner P. Epidemiology of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2012;14(2):152-159. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11906-012-0254-y PubMed PMID: 22318504. doi: 10.1007/s11906-012-0254-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanner RM, Brown TM, Muntner P. Epidemiology of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2012;14(2):152-159. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11906-012-0254-y PubMed PMID: 22318504. doi: 10.1007/s11906-012-0254-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
