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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/2072-0351-6247</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-6247</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногенетические аспекты медленно прогрессирующего аутоимунного диабета у взрослых (LADA)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunogenetic characteristics of LADA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>Tatiana Vasil'evna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">tatyana_nikonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апанович</surname><given-names>Павел Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apanovich</surname><given-names>Pavel Vasil'evich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pekarevaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пекарева</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pekareva</surname><given-names>Elena Vladimirovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pekarevaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелышева</surname><given-names>Вера Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelysheva</surname><given-names>Vera Anatol'evna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pekarevaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Светлана Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana Mikhailovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pekarevaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишина</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishina</surname><given-names>Yulia Vladimirovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pekarevaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокофьев</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokof'ev</surname><given-names>Sergey Alexandrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pekarevaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухин</surname><given-names>Александр Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhin</surname><given-names>Alexander Vasil'evich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pekarevaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУ Эндокринологический научный центр, Москва</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinological Research Centre, Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр, Москва</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medico-Genetic Research Centre, Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>№1 (2011)</issue-title><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никонова Т.В., Апанович П.В., Пекарева Е.В., Горелышева В.А., Степанова С.М., Тишина Ю.В., Прокофьев С.А., Карпухин А.В., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никонова Т.В., Апанович П.В., Пекарева Е.В., Горелышева В.А., Степанова С.М., Тишина Ю.В., Прокофьев С.А., Карпухин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikonova T.V., Apanovich P.V., Pekareva E.V., Gorelysheva V.A., Stepanova S.M., Tishina Y.V., Prokof'ev S.A., Karpukhin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6247">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/6247</self-uri><abstract><p>Одним из вариантов течения аутоиммунного сахарного диабета является медленно прогрессирующий аутоиммунный диабет взрос- лых Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). Он сопровождается клинической картиной, не типичной для классического сахарного диабета 1 типа (СД1). Несмотря на наличие положительных аутоантител характеризуется медленными темпами аутоиммунной деструкции, что не сразу приводит к развитию потребности в инсулине. Как и классический СД1, LADA связан с потерей иммунологи- ческой толерантности к собственным антигенам. Между тем, при LADA количественная и функциональная активность Тreg как центральных регуляторов иммунного ответа и главных носителей феномена иммунологической толерантности до сих пор остаются не изученными, как и их взаимосвязь с показателями апоптоза. Цель.  Определение количественных и функциональных изменений, происходящих на уровне регуляторного звена иммунитета у пациентов с различной длительностью LADA, их взаимосвязь с показателями апоптоза, иммунологическими и генетическими маркерами. Материал и методы.  В исследование были включены 74 больных (51 мужчина, 23 женщины) с различной длительностью заболевания, 56 человек составили контрольную группу. У всех обследуемых было проведено HLA-генотипирование, определение аутоантител к глюта- матдекарбаксилазе, инсулину, тирозинфосфатазе, антигенам островковых клеток, определение субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD38+, HLA DR+, CD25+, CD4+25+ ,CD95, CD95L, интенсивность экспрессии гена FoxP3, С-пептида, HbA1c. Результаты.  Начало заболевания LADA характеризуется показателями экспрессии гена FoxP3, не отличающимися от контрольных значений. При этом наблюдается достоверное повышение относительного количества CD4+25+high-Т-лимфоцитов. Снижение экспрессии гена FoxP3 при диабете LADA, в отличие от СД1, наблюдается через 6-12 мес от начала заболевания, при этом количество CD4+25+high-Т-лимфоцитов нормализуется и при дальнейшем течении заболевания не отличается от контрольных значений. В период от 1 до 5 лет вновь наблюдается нормализация экспрессии гена FoxP3, при длительности болезни более 5 лет - достоверное снижение. Уровень экспрессии маркеров апоптоза (CD95 и CD95L на лимфоцитах, а также их растворимых форм) у пациентов с LADA во всех группах был сопоставим с контролем. Заключение. Впервые определена интенсивность экспрессии гена Fox P3 и количество CD4+CD25+hight T-регуляторных лимфоцитов при различной длительности сахарного диабета LADA. Изменение экспрессии гена FoxP3 у пациентов с LADA носит волнообразный харак- тер, а функциональный дефицит Тreg отсрочен. Возможно, увеличение численности Тreg компенсирует их функциональный дефицит. В этом случае увеличение численности популяции Тreg в период до 6 мес от начала болезни может отражать их регулирующую роль - в подавлении аутоиммунитета, что проявляется в более плавном начале заболевания. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is a variant of autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Its clinical feature not typical for classical DM1 despitethe presence of positive autoantibodies is characterized by the low rate of autoimmune destruction that accounts for the late development of insulindependence. Similar to classical DM1, LADA is associated with the loss of immune tolerance to autoantibodies. However, the quantitative andfunctional activity of Treg as key regulators of the immune response and main agents of immune tolerance remain as poorly known as their relationshipwith characteristics of apoptosis.Aim.  To elucidate qualitative and functional changes at the level of immunity regulation in patients with LADA of different duration and theirrelationships with characteristics of apoptosis, immunological and genetic markers. Materials and methods.  The study included 64 patients (45 men and 19 women) with LADA and 56 control subjects. The methods included HLAgenotyping, detection of autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, tyrosine phosphatase, islet cell antigens, composition of CD3+, CD4+, CD38+, HLADR+, CD25+, CD+25+, CD95, CD95L lymphocyte subpopulations, FoxP3 and C-peptide expression, HbA1c levels. Results.  FoxP3 expression at the onset of LADA was similar to that in control subjects while the relative amount of CD425+high T-lymphocytes increased.In contrast to DM1, FoxP3 expression began to decrease 6-12 months after the onset of LADA when the amount of CD425+high T-lymphocytes loweredto become normal with the progress of the disease. Within 1-5 years after the onset of LADA, FoxP3 expression became normal again but significantlyincreased when its duration exceeded 5 years. Expression of apoptosis markers (CD95 and CD95L) on lymphocytes and of their soluble forms in allLADA patients was comparable with control. Conclusion.  We for the first time determined intensity of FoxP3 expression and the amount of CD425+high T-lymphocytes in patients with differentduration of LADA. FoxP3 expression varies periodically while functional deficit of Treg is delayed and appears to be compensated by a rise in theirnumber. Increased population of Treg within 6 months after the onset of LADA may reflect their regulatory role (suppression of autoimmunity)accounting for the gradual development of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Т-регуляторные клетки</kwd><kwd>ген FoxP3</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>LADA</kwd><kwd>CD4+CD25+</kwd><kwd>CD95</kwd><kwd>CD95L</kwd><kwd>LADA</kwd><kwd>CD4+CD25+</kwd><kwd>regulatory beta-cells</kwd><kwd>FoxP3 gene</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>CD95</kwd><kwd>CD95L</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morran M.P., Omenn G.S., Pietropaolo M. Immunology and genetics of type 1 diabetes // Mt. Sinai J. Med. - 2008. - №. 75. - P. 314-327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morran M.P., Omenn G.S., Pietropaolo M. Immunology and genetics of type 1 diabetes // Mt. Sinai J. 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