<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/2072-0351-5979</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-5979</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Распространенность сочетанного атеросклеротического поражения сосудов у больных сахарным диабетом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevalence of combined atherosclerotic vascular lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачева</surname><given-names>Светлана Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gracheva</surname><given-names>Svetlana Alexandrovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sgracheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клефортова</surname><given-names>Инна Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klefortova</surname><given-names>Inna Igorevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>Минара Шамхаловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamkhalova</surname><given-names>Minara Shamkhalovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Эндокринологический научный центр, Москва</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>№1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Грачева С.А., Клефортова И.И., Шамхалова М.Ш., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Грачева С.А., Клефортова И.И., Шамхалова М.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gracheva S.A., Klefortova I.I., Shamkhalova M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/5979">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/5979</self-uri><abstract><p>В течение последних десятилетий, когда опасность острых осложнений сахарного диабета (СД) преодолена, основнойпричиной смерти пациентов стали поздние сердечно-сосудистые осложнения. Клиническая манифестация атеросклерозакоронарных артерий, сосудов нижних конечностей, брахиоцефальных и почечных артерий ярко проявляется при СД, ко-торый определяет распространенность и выраженность поражений. Особая проблема для больных СД - их сочетаниевзаимно отягощающего характера. Наличие 2 и более факторов риска, один из которых уже диабет, требует активногопоиска поражений коронарных, брахиоцефальных, периферических и почечных артерий, агрессивного воздействия на ме-ханизмы прогрессирования процесса и подбора адекватной консервативной и эндоваскулярной терапии с учетом высокогориска сочетанного поражения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During latest decade, as threat of acute complications of diabetes mellitus was surmounted, cardiovascular complications became leadingcause of death. Clinical manifestation of coronary, brachiocephalic and renal atherosclerosis is quite dramatic in diabetes mellitus,which determines extent of dissemination and intensity of lesions. Combination of these mutually confounding conditions is a characteristicproblem of patients with diabetes mellitus. Presence of 2+ risk factors (one of which is diabetes mellitus in itself) requiresactive examination in order to rule out coronary, brachiocephalic, peripheral and renal artery lesions. Aggressive care is necessaryin order to control progression of disease and administer adequate conservative and endovascular treatment with account of high riskof combination of lesions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas, 5th ed. International Diabetes Federation; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas, 5th ed. International Diabetes Federation; 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aronow WS, Ahn C. Prevalence of coexistence of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and aterotrombotic brain infarction in men and women &amp;lt;62 years of age. Am J Cardiol. 1994 Jul 1;74(1):64-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aronow WS, Ahn C. Prevalence of coexistence of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and aterotrombotic brain infarction in men and women &amp;lt;62 years of age. Am J Cardiol. 1994 Jul 1;74(1):64-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. JAMA. 1979 May 11;241(19):2035-2038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. JAMA. 1979 May 11;241(19):2035-2038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 23;339(4):229-234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 23;339(4):229-234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Cause-specific mortality in a population-based study of diabetes. Am J Public Health. 1991 Sep;81(9):1158-1162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Cause-specific mortality in a population-based study of diabetes. Am J Public Health. 1991 Sep;81(9):1158-1162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orchard TJ, Olson JC, Erbey JR, Williams K, Forrest KY, Smithline Kinder L, Ellis D, Becker DJ. Insulin resistance-related factors, but not glycemia, predict coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes : 10-year follow-up data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2003 May;26(5):1374-1379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orchard TJ, Olson JC, Erbey JR, Williams K, Forrest KY, Smithline Kinder L, Ellis D, Becker DJ. Insulin resistance-related factors, but not glycemia, predict coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes : 10-year follow-up data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2003 May;26(5):1374-1379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soedamah-Muthu SS, Chaturvedi N, Toeller M, Ferriss B, Reboldi P, Michel G, Manes C, Fuller JH; EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 1 diabetic patients in Europe: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2004 Feb;27(2):530-537.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soedamah-Muthu SS, Chaturvedi N, Toeller M, Ferriss B, Reboldi P, Michel G, Manes C, Fuller JH; EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 1 diabetic patients in Europe: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Diabetes Care. 2004 Feb;27(2):530-537.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olson JC, Edmundowicz D, Becker DJ, Kuller LH, Orchard TJ. Coronary calcium in adults with type 1 diabetes: a stronger correlate of clinical coronary artery disease in men than in women. Diabetes. 2000 Sep;49(9):1571-1578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olson JC, Edmundowicz D, Becker DJ, Kuller LH, Orchard TJ. Coronary calcium in adults with type 1 diabetes: a stronger correlate of clinical coronary artery disease in men than in women. Diabetes. 2000 Sep;49(9):1571-1578.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anand DV, Lim E, Hopkins D, Corder R, Shaw LJ, Sharp P, Lipkin D, Lahiri A. Risk stratification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes: Prospective evaluation of the combined use of coronary artery calcium imaging and selective myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J. 2006 Mar;27(6):713-721. Epub 2006 Feb 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anand DV, Lim E, Hopkins D, Corder R, Shaw LJ, Sharp P, Lipkin D, Lahiri A. Risk stratification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes: Prospective evaluation of the combined use of coronary artery calcium imaging and selective myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J. 2006 Mar;27(6):713-721. Epub 2006 Feb 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholte AJ, Schuijf JD, Kharagjitsingh AV, Jukema JW, Pundziute G, van der Wall EE, Bax JJ. Prevalence of coronary artery disease and plaque morphology assessed by multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiography and calcium scoring in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Heart. 2008 Mar;94(3):290-295. Epub 2007 Jul 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholte AJ, Schuijf JD, Kharagjitsingh AV, Jukema JW, Pundziute G, van der Wall EE, Bax JJ. Prevalence of coronary artery disease and plaque morphology assessed by multi-slice computed tomography coronary angiography and calcium scoring in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Heart. 2008 Mar;94(3):290-295. Epub 2007 Jul 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults. 2011; p. 82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults. 2011; p. 82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dabelea D, Kinney G, Snell-Bergeon JK, Hokanson JE, Eckel RH, Ehrlich J, Garg S, Hamman RF, Rewers M; Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Study. Effect of type 1 diabetes on the gender difference in coronary artery calcification: a role for insulin resistance? The Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) Study. Diabetes. 2003 Nov;52(11):2833-2839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dabelea D, Kinney G, Snell-Bergeon JK, Hokanson JE, Eckel RH, Ehrlich J, Garg S, Hamman RF, Rewers M; Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Study. Effect of type 1 diabetes on the gender difference in coronary artery calcification: a role for insulin resistance? The Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) Study. Diabetes. 2003 Nov;52(11):2833-2839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng SV,Ting AC, Lau H,Wong J. Survival in patients with chronic lower extremity ischemia: a risk factor analysis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2000 Mar;14(2):158-165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng SV,Ting AC, Lau H,Wong J. Survival in patients with chronic lower extremity ischemia: a risk factor analysis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2000 Mar;14(2):158-165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jude EB, Oyibo SO, Chalmers N, Boulton AJ. Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a comparison of severity and outcome. Diabetes Care. 2001 Aug;24(8):1433-1437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jude EB, Oyibo SO, Chalmers N, Boulton AJ. Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a comparison of severity and outcome. Diabetes Care. 2001 Aug;24(8):1433-1437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993 Feb;16(2):434-444.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993 Feb;16(2):434-444.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harding MB, Smith LR, Himmelstein SI, Harrison K, Phillips HR, Schwab SJ, Hermiller JB, Davidson CJ, Bashore TM. Renal artery stenosis: prevalence and associated risk factors in patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992 May;2(11):1608-1616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harding MB, Smith LR, Himmelstein SI, Harrison K, Phillips HR, Schwab SJ, Hermiller JB, Davidson CJ, Bashore TM. Renal artery stenosis: prevalence and associated risk factors in patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992 May;2(11):1608-1616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weber-Mzell D, Kotanko P, Schumacher M, Klein W, Skrabal F. Coronary anatomy predicts presence or absence of renal artery stenosis. A prospective study in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2002 Nov;23(21):1684-1691.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber-Mzell D, Kotanko P, Schumacher M, Klein W, Skrabal F. Coronary anatomy predicts presence or absence of renal artery stenosis. A prospective study in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2002 Nov;23(21):1684-1691.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonnici T, Goldsmith D. Renal and cardiac arterial disease: parallels and pitfalls. Br J Cardiol. 2008; 15(5): 261-265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonnici T, Goldsmith D. Renal and cardiac arterial disease: parallels and pitfalls. Br J Cardiol. 2008; 15(5): 261-265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheung CM, Hegarty J, Kalra PA. Dilemmas in the management of renal artery stenosis. Br Med Bull. 2005 Sep 7;73-74:35- 55. Print 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheung CM, Hegarty J, Kalra PA. Dilemmas in the management of renal artery stenosis. Br Med Bull. 2005 Sep 7;73-74:35- 55. Print 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шамхалова МШ, Клефортова ИИ., Шестакова МВ., Реми- зов ОВ., Бухман АИ, Алпенидзе ВА, Тугеева ЭФ, Шария МА, Устюжанин ДВ, Бузиашвили ЮИ, Дедов ИИ. Стеноз почечных артерий у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа: клинические признаки, диагностика, прогностическая значимость. Тер. Архив. 2010;(6):15-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шамхалова МШ, Клефортова ИИ., Шестакова МВ., Реми- зов ОВ., Бухман АИ, Алпенидзе ВА, Тугеева ЭФ, Шария МА, Устюжанин ДВ, Бузиашвили ЮИ, Дедов ИИ. Стеноз почечных артерий у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа: клинические признаки, диагностика, прогностическая значимость. Тер. Архив. 2010;(6):15-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988. Role of Insulin in Human Disease. Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1595-1607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988. Role of Insulin in Human Disease. Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1595-1607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laakso M, Lehto S, Penttila I, Pyörälä K.. Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Circulation. 1993 Oct;88(4 Pt 1):1421-1430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laakso M, Lehto S, Penttila I, Pyörälä K.. Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Circulation. 1993 Oct;88(4 Pt 1):1421-1430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taubert D, Rosenkranz A, Berkels R, Roesen R, Schömig E. Acute effects of glucose and insulin on vascular endothelium. Diabetologia. 2004 Dec;47(12):2059-2071. Epub 2004 Dec 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taubert D, Rosenkranz A, Berkels R, Roesen R, Schömig E. Acute effects of glucose and insulin on vascular endothelium. Diabetologia. 2004 Dec;47(12):2059-2071. Epub 2004 Dec 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turner RC, Millns H, Neil HA, Stratton IM, Manley SE, Matthews DR, Holman RR. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom prospective diabetes study. BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134):823-828.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turner RC, Millns H, Neil HA, Stratton IM, Manley SE, Matthews DR, Holman RR. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom prospective diabetes study. BMJ. 1998 Mar 14;316(7134):823-828.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR. Association of glycemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS:35) prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000 Aug 12;321(7258):405-412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR. Association of glycemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS:35) prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000 Aug 12;321(7258):405-412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-2653.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Dec 22;353(25):2643-2653.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orchard TJ, Costacou T, Kretowski A, Nesto RW. Type 1 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease. Diabetes Care. 2006 Nov;29(11):2528-2538.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orchard TJ, Costacou T, Kretowski A, Nesto RW. Type 1 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease. Diabetes Care. 2006 Nov;29(11):2528-2538.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schauer IE, Snell-Bergeon JK, Bergman BC, Maahs DM, Kretowski A, Eckel RH, Rewers M. Insulin resistance, defective insulin-mediated fatty acid suppression, and coronary artery calcification in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes: The CACTI study. Diabetes. 2011 Jan;60(1):306-314. Epub 2010 Oct 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schauer IE, Snell-Bergeon JK, Bergman BC, Maahs DM, Kretowski A, Eckel RH, Rewers M. Insulin resistance, defective insulin-mediated fatty acid suppression, and coronary artery calcification in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes: The CACTI study. Diabetes. 2011 Jan;60(1):306-314. Epub 2010 Oct 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова МВ. Дисфункция эндотелия - причина или следствие метаболического синдрома? РМЖ. 2001; 9(2):22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова МВ. Дисфункция эндотелия - причина или следствие метаболического синдрома? РМЖ. 2001; 9(2):22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jansson J, Nilsson T, Johnsson O. Von Willebrand factor in plasma: a novel risk factor for fecurrent myocardial infarction and death. Br Heart J. 1991 Nov;66(5):351-355.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jansson J, Nilsson T, Johnsson O. Von Willebrand factor in plasma: a novel risk factor for fecurrent myocardial infarction and death. Br Heart J. 1991 Nov;66(5):351-355.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Folsom AR, Wu KK, Rosamond WD, Sharrett AR, Chambless LE. Prospective Study of Hemostatic Factors and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. American Heart Association, Inc. 1997. (авторы и название то же, только есть ссылка на журнал в pubmed - Circulation. 1997 Aug 19;96(4):1102-1108.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Folsom AR, Wu KK, Rosamond WD, Sharrett AR, Chambless LE. Prospective Study of Hemostatic Factors and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. American Heart Association, Inc. 1997. (авторы и название то же, только есть ссылка на журнал в pubmed - Circulation. 1997 Aug 19;96(4):1102-1108.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubbard AK, Rothlein R. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and cell signaling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 May 1;28(9):1379-1386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubbard AK, Rothlein R. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and cell signaling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 May 1;28(9):1379-1386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarnow L, Hovind P, Teerlink T, Stehouwer CD, Parving HH. Elevated plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine as a marker of cardiovascular morbidity in early diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):765-769.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarnow L, Hovind P, Teerlink T, Stehouwer CD, Parving HH. Elevated plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine as a marker of cardiovascular morbidity in early diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):765-769.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulze F, Lenzen H, Hanefeld C, Bartling A, Osterziel KJ., Goudeva L, Schmidt-Lucke C, Kusus M, Maas R, Schwedhelm E, Strödter D, Simon BC, Mügge A, Daniel WG, Tillmanns H, Maisch B, Streichert T, Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease: Results from the multicenter Coronary Artery Risk Determination investigating the Influence of ADMA Concentration (CARDIAC) study. Am Heart J. 2006 Sep;152(3):493.e1-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulze F, Lenzen H, Hanefeld C, Bartling A, Osterziel KJ., Goudeva L, Schmidt-Lucke C, Kusus M, Maas R, Schwedhelm E, Strödter D, Simon BC, Mügge A, Daniel WG, Tillmanns H, Maisch B, Streichert T, Böger RH. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease: Results from the multicenter Coronary Artery Risk Determination investigating the Influence of ADMA Concentration (CARDIAC) study. Am Heart J. 2006 Sep;152(3):493.e1-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bevilacqua MP. Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules. Annu Rev Immunol. 1993;11:767-804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bevilacqua MP. Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules. Annu Rev Immunol. 1993;11:767-804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schram MT, Chaturvedi N, Schalkwijk CG, Fuller JH, Stehouwer CD; EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Markers of inflammation are cross-sectionally associated with microvascular complications and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes: the Eurodiab Prospective Complications Study. Diabetologia. 2005 Feb;48(2):370-378. Epub 2005 Feb 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schram MT, Chaturvedi N, Schalkwijk CG, Fuller JH, Stehouwer CD; EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Markers of inflammation are cross-sectionally associated with microvascular complications and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes: the Eurodiab Prospective Complications Study. Diabetologia. 2005 Feb;48(2):370-378. Epub 2005 Feb 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soedamah-Muthu SS, Chaturvedi N, Teerlink T, Idzior-Walus B, Fuller JH, Stehouwer CD; the Eurodiab Prospective Complications Study Group. Plasma homocysteine and microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional nested case-control study. J Intern Med. 2005 Nov;258(5):450-459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soedamah-Muthu SS, Chaturvedi N, Teerlink T, Idzior-Walus B, Fuller JH, Stehouwer CD; the Eurodiab Prospective Complications Study Group. Plasma homocysteine and microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional nested case-control study. J Intern Med. 2005 Nov;258(5):450-459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosnyak Z, Forrest KYZ, Becker D, Orchard TJ; Pittsburgh Epidemology of Diabetes Complications Study. Do plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) or tissue plasminogen activator PAI-1 complexes predict complications in type 1 diabetes? Diabet Med. 2003 Feb;20(2):147-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosnyak Z, Forrest KYZ, Becker D, Orchard TJ; Pittsburgh Epidemology of Diabetes Complications Study. Do plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) or tissue plasminogen activator PAI-1 complexes predict complications in type 1 diabetes? Diabet Med. 2003 Feb;20(2):147-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wadwa RP, Kinney GL, Ogden L, Snell-Bergeon JK, Maahs DM, Cornell E, Tracy RP, Rewers M. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor as a marker for progression of coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38(5-6):996-1003. Epub 2005 Oct 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wadwa RP, Kinney GL, Ogden L, Snell-Bergeon JK, Maahs DM, Cornell E, Tracy RP, Rewers M. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor as a marker for progression of coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38(5-6):996-1003. Epub 2005 Oct 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM, Tuñón J, Muñoz-García B, Madrigal-Matute J, Moreno JA, Vega de Céniga M, Egido J. Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Medicine. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2009 Jun;62(6):677-688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM, Tuñón J, Muñoz-García B, Madrigal-Matute J, Moreno JA, Vega de Céniga M, Egido J. Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Medicine. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2009 Jun;62(6):677-688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matter CM, Handschin C. RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted), Inflammation, Obesity, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation. 2007 Feb 27;115(8):946-948.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matter CM, Handschin C. RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted), Inflammation, Obesity, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation. 2007 Feb 27;115(8):946-948.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
