<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/2072-0351-5753</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-5753</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические и патофизиологические особенности анемии при диабетической нефропатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Klinicheskie i patofiziologicheskie osobennosti anemii pri diabeticheskoy nefropatii</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Сергей Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>Sergey Andreevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГУ Эндокринологический научный центр Росмедтехнологий, Москва</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>№2 (2008)</issue-title><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартынов С.А., 2008</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартынов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/5753">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/5753</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Изучение распространенности, клинических и патофизиологических особенностей анемии у больных ДН. Материалы и методы. Для изучения распространенности анемии обследовали 1020 человек ? 382 больных СД 1 и 638 больных СД 2. Оценивали СКФ, выявляли анемию. Сравнительный анализ частоты выявления анемии при диабетическом и недиабетическом поражении почек проводили между 92 больными с протеинурической стадией ДН при СД 1 и 230 больными с морфологически подтвержденным диагнозом первичного хронического гломерулонефрита (ХГН). Результаты. По данным нашего исследования, в популяции больных ДН связь уровня Hb крови и ЭПО отсутствовала уже при снижении СКФ менее 60 мл/мин.  Более чем 80% больных ДН и с анемией наблюдалось нарушение обмена железа. Заключение.  при ДН анемия выявляется намного чаще, чем при других заболеваниях почек ? частота ее составляет до 25% при нормальной СКФ и достигает до 80?100% при выраженной степени снижения фильтрационной функции почек. На самой ранней стадии ДН ? МАУ ? анемия встречается практически у каждого четвертого, а при формировании ПУ ? уже у каждого второго больного. Анемия при ДН носит более тяжелый характер, чем при первичном нефрите.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диабетическая нефропатия</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>анемия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas M., MacIsaac J., Tsalamandris C., Molyneaux L. et al. Anemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004; 89 (9): 4359-4363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas M., MacIsaac J., Tsalamandris C., Molyneaux L. et al. Anemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004; 89 (9): 4359-4363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas M., MacIsaac J., Tsalamandris C., Molyneaux L. et al. The burden of anemia in type 2 diabetes and role of nephropathy: a cross-sectional audit. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004; Vol.19: 1792- 1797.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas M., MacIsaac J., Tsalamandris C., Molyneaux L. et al. The burden of anemia in type 2 diabetes and role of nephropathy: a cross-sectional audit. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004; Vol.19: 1792- 1797.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas M., MacIsaac R.J., Power D., Jerums G. Unrecognized anemia in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (4): 1164-1169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas M., MacIsaac R.J., Power D., Jerums G. Unrecognized anemia in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (4): 1164-1169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broon J. Anemia in diabetic renal disease: and underestimated risk factor. Acta Diabetologica 2002; 39: S2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broon J. Anemia in diabetic renal disease: and underestimated risk factor. Acta Diabetologica 2002; 39: S2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens P.E., O'Donoghue j., Lameire N.R. Anemia in patients with diabetes: unrecognized, undetected and untreated? Current Medical Research and Opinion 2003; 19 (5): 395-401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens P.E., O'Donoghue j., Lameire N.R. Anemia in patients with diabetes: unrecognized, undetected and untreated? Current Medical Research and Opinion 2003; 19 (5): 395-401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohanram A., Zhang Z., Shaninfar S. et al. Anemia and end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Kidney International 2004; 66: 1131-1138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohanram A., Zhang Z., Shaninfar S. et al. Anemia and end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Kidney International 2004; 66: 1131-1138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas M. Anemia in diabetes: marker o mediator of microvascular disease. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2007; 1 (3): 20-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas M. Anemia in diabetes: marker o mediator of microvascular disease. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2007; 1 (3): 20-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cockroft D.W., Gault M.H. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976; 16: 31-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cockroft D.W., Gault M.H. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976; 16: 31-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Achkar T.M., Ohmit S.E., McCullough P.A. et al. Higher prevalence of anemia with diabetes mellitus in moderate kidney insufficiency: The Kidney Early Evaluation Program. Kidney International 2005; 67: 1483-1488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Achkar T.M., Ohmit S.E., McCullough P.A. et al. Higher prevalence of anemia with diabetes mellitus in moderate kidney insufficiency: The Kidney Early Evaluation Program. Kidney International 2005; 67: 1483-1488.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astor B.C., Muntner P., Levin A. et al. Association of kidney function with anemia: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Archives of Internal Medicine 2002; 162: 1401-1408. 14. World Health Organization. Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Assessment, Prevention and Control: a guide for programme managers. 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astor B.C., Muntner P., Levin A. et al. Association of kidney function with anemia: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Archives of Internal Medicine 2002; 162: 1401-1408. 14. World Health Organization. Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Assessment, Prevention and Control: a guide for programme managers. 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King H., Aubert R.E., Herman W.H. Global burden of diabetes, 1995- 2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1414-1431.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King H., Aubert R.E., Herman W.H. Global burden of diabetes, 1995- 2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1414-1431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Мартынов С.А. Анемия при диабетической нефропатии: прогностическое значение, диагностика и лечение. Consilium medicum 2006; 9: 39-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова М.В., Мартынов С.А. Анемия при диабетической нефропатии: прогностическое значение, диагностика и лечение. Consilium medicum 2006; 9: 39-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Мартынов С.А. Диабетическая нефропатия: все ли факторы риска мы учитываем? Сахарный диабет 2006; 4: 29-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова М.В., Мартынов С.А. Диабетическая нефропатия: все ли факторы риска мы учитываем? Сахарный диабет 2006; 4: 29-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Мартынов С.А. Анемия при диабетической нефропатии: диагностика и лечение. М: 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова М.В., Мартынов С.А. Анемия при диабетической нефропатии: диагностика и лечение. М: 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White K.E., Marshall S.M., Bilous W. Are glomerular volume differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients pathologically significant? Diabetologia 2007; 50 (5): 906-912.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White K.E., Marshall S.M., Bilous W. Are glomerular volume differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients pathologically significant? Diabetologia 2007; 50 (5): 906-912.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas M.C., Tsalamandris C., MacIsaac R.J., Jerums G. Epidemiology of hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006; 48: 537-545.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas M.C., Tsalamandris C., MacIsaac R.J., Jerums G. Epidemiology of hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006; 48: 537-545.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas M.C., Weekes A.J., Broadley O.J. et al. The burden chronic kidney disease in Australian patients with type 2 diabetes (the Nephron study). The Medical Journal of Australia 2006; 185: 140-144.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas M.C., Weekes A.J., Broadley O.J. et al. The burden chronic kidney disease in Australian patients with type 2 diabetes (the Nephron study). The Medical Journal of Australia 2006; 185: 140-144.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorber D., Reddan D. Clinical characteristics of chronic kidney disease patients with and without diabetes: a subanalysis of the PAERI study. Clinical Nephrology 2006; 66: 11-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorber D., Reddan D. Clinical characteristics of chronic kidney disease patients with and without diabetes: a subanalysis of the PAERI study. Clinical Nephrology 2006; 66: 11-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ishimura E., Nishizawa Y., Okuto S. et al. Diabetes mellitus increases the severity of anemia in non-dialyzed patients with renal failure. Journal of Nephrology 1998; 11: 83-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishimura E., Nishizawa Y., Okuto S. et al. Diabetes mellitus increases the severity of anemia in non-dialyzed patients with renal failure. Journal of Nephrology 1998; 11: 83-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.Г., Морщакова Е.Ф., Павлов А.Д. Эритропоэтин в диагностике, профилактике и лечении анемий. М: 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Румянцев А.Г., Морщакова Е.Ф., Павлов А.Д. Эритропоэтин в диагностике, профилактике и лечении анемий. М: 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермоленко В.М., Иващенко М.А. Уремия и эритропоэтин. М: 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ермоленко В.М., Иващенко М.А. Уремия и эритропоэтин. М: 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H., Jackson T., Bunn H.F. Detecting and responding to hypoxia. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002, 17 [Suppl. 1]: 3-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu H., Jackson T., Bunn H.F. Detecting and responding to hypoxia. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002, 17 [Suppl. 1]: 3-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maxwell P. HIF-1: An Oxygen Response System with Special Relevance to the Kidney. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003; 14: 2717-2722. Сахарный диабет Нефрология 22 2/2008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maxwell P. HIF-1: An Oxygen Response System with Special Relevance to the Kidney. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003; 14: 2717-2722. Сахарный диабет Нефрология 22 2/2008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artunc F., Risler A. Serum erythropoietin concentrations and responses to anemia in patients with or without chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007; 22: 2900-2908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artunc F., Risler A. Serum erythropoietin concentrations and responses to anemia in patients with or without chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007; 22: 2900-2908.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosman D.R., Winkler A.S., Marsden J.T. et al. Anemia with erythropoietin deficiency occurs early in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2001; 24 (3): 495-499.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosman D.R., Winkler A.S., Marsden J.T. et al. Anemia with erythropoietin deficiency occurs early in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2001; 24 (3): 495-499.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fehr T., Ammann P., Garzoni D. et al. Interpretation of erythropoietin levels in patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency and anemia, Kidney International 2004; 66: 1206-1244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fehr T., Ammann P., Garzoni D. et al. Interpretation of erythropoietin levels in patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency and anemia, Kidney International 2004; 66: 1206-1244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossert J., Fouqueray B., Boffa J.J. Anemia management and the delay of chronic renal failure progression. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003; 14: S173-177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossert J., Fouqueray B., Boffa J.J. Anemia management and the delay of chronic renal failure progression. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003; 14: S173-177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White K.E., Bilous R.W. Type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy show structural functional relationships that are similar type 1 disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2000; 11:1667-1673.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White K.E., Bilous R.W. Type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy show structural functional relationships that are similar type 1 disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2000; 11:1667-1673.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fitzgibbons J.F., Roler R.D., Jones R. Red cell age-related changes of hemoglobin AIa+b and AIc in normal and diabetic subjects. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1972; 58: 820-824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fitzgibbons J.F., Roler R.D., Jones R. Red cell age-related changes of hemoglobin AIa+b and AIc in normal and diabetic subjects. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1972; 58: 820-824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakao T., Matsumoto H., Okada T. et al. Influence of erythropoietin treatment on hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with chronic renal failure on heamodialysis. Internal Medicine 1998; 37: 826-830.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakao T., Matsumoto H., Okada T. et al. Influence of erythropoietin treatment on hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with chronic renal failure on heamodialysis. Internal Medicine 1998; 37: 826-830.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Лепетухин А.Е., Кварацхелия М.В., Дедов И.И. Особенности ведения больных сахарным диабетом с терминальной почечной недостаточностью на программной гемодиализе. Терапевтический архив 2004; 9:2004, с-70-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шестакова М.В., Лепетухин А.Е., Кварацхелия М.В., Дедов И.И. Особенности ведения больных сахарным диабетом с терминальной почечной недостаточностью на программной гемодиализе. Терапевтический архив 2004; 9:2004, с-70-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosman D.R., Osborne C.A., Marsden J.T. et al. Erythropoietin response to hypoxia in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy and non-diabetic chronic renal failure. Diabetic Medicine 2002; 19:65-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosman D.R., Osborne C.A., Marsden J.T. et al. Erythropoietin response to hypoxia in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy and non-diabetic chronic renal failure. Diabetic Medicine 2002; 19:65-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacDougall I.C., Cooper A. The inflammatory response and epoetin sensitivity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002; 17 [Suppl. 1]: 48-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacDougall I.C., Cooper A. The inflammatory response and epoetin sensitivity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002; 17 [Suppl. 1]: 48-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stenvinkel P. Anemia and inflammation: what are the implications for the nephrologist? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003; 18 [Suppl. 8]: viii17-viii22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stenvinkel P. Anemia and inflammation: what are the implications for the nephrologist? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003; 18 [Suppl. 8]: viii17-viii22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stenvinkel P., Barany P. Anemia, rHuEPO resistance, and cardiovascular disease in end stage renal failure: links to inflammation and oxidative stress. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002; 17 [Suppl. 5] 32-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stenvinkel P., Barany P. Anemia, rHuEPO resistance, and cardiovascular disease in end stage renal failure: links to inflammation and oxidative stress. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002; 17 [Suppl. 5] 32-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss G., Goodnough L. Anemia of chronic disease. The New England journal of medicine 2005; 352: 1011-1023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss G., Goodnough L. Anemia of chronic disease. The New England journal of medicine 2005; 352: 1011-1023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou A.P., Cowley A.W. Reactive oxygen species and molecular regulation of renal oxygenation. Acta Phisiologica Scandinavica 2003; 179: 233-241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou A.P., Cowley A.W. Reactive oxygen species and molecular regulation of renal oxygenation. Acta Phisiologica Scandinavica 2003; 179: 233-241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cavdar C., Camsari T., Semin I. et al. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in chronic haemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1997; 31:371-375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cavdar C., Camsari T., Semin I. et al. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in chronic haemodialysis patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1997; 31:371-375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ludat K., Sommerburg O., Grune T. et al. Oxidation parameters in complete correction of renal anemia. Clinical Nephrology 2000; 53:S30- S35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ludat K., Sommerburg O., Grune T. et al. Oxidation parameters in complete correction of renal anemia. Clinical Nephrology 2000; 53:S30- S35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dikow R., Schwenger V., Schцmig M., Ritz E. How should we manage anemia in patients with diabetes? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002; 17 [Suppl 1]: 67-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dikow R., Schwenger V., Schцmig M., Ritz E. How should we manage anemia in patients with diabetes? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002; 17 [Suppl 1]: 67-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacDougall I. The role of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blockers in the response to epoetin. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 1999; 14:1836-1841.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacDougall I. The role of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blockers in the response to epoetin. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 1999; 14:1836-1841.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pratt M.C., Lewis-Barnard N.J., Walker R.J. et al. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on erythropoietin concentration in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1992; 34: 363-365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pratt M.C., Lewis-Barnard N.J., Walker R.J. et al. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on erythropoietin concentration in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1992; 34: 363-365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens P. Optimizing renal anemia management - benefits of early referral and treatment. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2005; 20 [Suppl. 8]: viii22-viii26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens P. Optimizing renal anemia management - benefits of early referral and treatment. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2005; 20 [Suppl. 8]: viii22-viii26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Kidney Foundation: K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation Classification and Stratification. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2002; 39 [Supl 1]: S1-S266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Kidney Foundation: K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation Classification and Stratification. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2002; 39 [Supl 1]: S1-S266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World health organization. Nutritional Anemia: Report of WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization. Geneva; 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World health organization. Nutritional Anemia: Report of WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization. Geneva; 1968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Kidney Foundation: K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Anemia of chronic kidney disease American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006; 47 [Supl 3]: S1-S145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Kidney Foundation: K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Anemia of chronic kidney disease American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2006; 47 [Supl 3]: S1-S145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report, volume i. Atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in United States. http://www.usrds.org/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report, volume i. Atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in United States. http://www.usrds.org/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catrina S-B., Okamoto K., Pereira T. et al. Hyperglycemia regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein stability and function. Diabetes 2004; 53: 3226-3232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catrina S-B., Okamoto K., Pereira T. et al. Hyperglycemia regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein stability and function. Diabetes 2004; 53: 3226-3232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Locatelli F, Aljama P, Barany P. et al. Revised European best practice guidelines for the management of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004; 19 [Supll 2]: ii1-ii47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Locatelli F, Aljama P, Barany P. et al. Revised European best practice guidelines for the management of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004; 19 [Supll 2]: ii1-ii47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anemia management in chronic kidney disease. National clinical guideline for management in adults and children. NICE clinical guidelines. 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anemia management in chronic kidney disease. National clinical guideline for management in adults and children. NICE clinical guidelines. 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu C-Y, McCulloch C.E., Curhan G.C. Epidemiology of anemia associated with chronic renal insufficiency among adults in the United States: result from the Third national Health and nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13: 504-510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu C-Y, McCulloch C.E., Curhan G.C. Epidemiology of anemia associated with chronic renal insufficiency among adults in the United States: result from the Third national Health and nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2002; 13: 504-510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
