diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/2072-0351-5378diaendo-5378Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesЦереброваскулярные заболевания и сахарный диабет 2 типаTserebrovaskulyarnye zabolevaniya i sakharnyy diabet 2 tipaЧугуноваЛ. А.ChugunovaL. A.dia@endojournals.ruКамчатновП. Р.KamchatnovP. R.dia@endojournals.ruЧугуновА. В.ChugunovA. V.dia@endojournals.ruШестаковаМ. В.ShestakovaM. V.nephro@endocrincentr.ruРоссийский государственный медицинский университет, МоскваГУ Эндокринологический научный центр, МоскваEndocrinology Research Centre, Moscow20061503200691№1 (2006)3440Copyright © Чугунова Л.А., Камчатнов П.Р., Чугунов А.В., Шестакова М.В., 20062006Чугунова Л.А., Камчатнов П.Р., Чугунов А.В., Шестакова М.В.Chugunova L.A., Kamchatnov P.R., Chugunov A.V., Shestakova M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/5378

Медицина располагает широким спектром знаний о факторах риска цереброваскулярных заболеваний при СД 2 типа и широким диагностическим потенциалом для их выявления. Эффективной может быть признана только стратегия, направленная на максимальную коррекцию всех имеющихся факторов риска.

цереброваскулярные заболеванияосложнениясахарный диабет 2 типаReferencesStamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD et al. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care.1993;16:434-444.Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD et al. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care.1993;16:434-444.Breteler M.M. Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: an epidemiologic perspective. Neurobiol. Aging 2000;21:153-160.Breteler M.M. Vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: an epidemiologic perspective. Neurobiol. Aging 2000;21:153-160.Messier C., Awad N., Gagnon M. The relationships between atherosclerosis, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and dementia. Neurol. Res. 2004; 26(5):567-572.Messier C., Awad N., Gagnon M. The relationships between atherosclerosis, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and dementia. Neurol. Res. 2004; 26(5):567-572.Stegmayr B., Asplund K. Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke. A population perspective. Diabetologia 1995;38:1061-1068.Stegmayr B., Asplund K. Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke. A population perspective. Diabetologia 1995;38:1061-1068.Schmidt R., Schmidt H., Fazekas F. Vascular risk factors in dementia. //J.Neurol.-2000.-Vol.247.-p.81-87Schmidt R., Schmidt H., Fazekas F. Vascular risk factors in dementia. //J.Neurol.-2000.-Vol.247.-p.81-87Stevens Е. Glycemia predicts fatal diabetic CV disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 201-207.Stevens Е. Glycemia predicts fatal diabetic CV disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 201-207.Folsom A.R., Rasmussen M.L., Chambless L.E., et al. Prospective associations of fasting insulin, body fat distribution, and diabetes with risk of ischemic stroke. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1077-1083.Folsom A.R., Rasmussen M.L., Chambless L.E., et al. Prospective associations of fasting insulin, body fat distribution, and diabetes with risk of ischemic stroke. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1077-1083.Pyorala M., Miettinen H., Laakso M., Pyorala K. Hyperinsulinemia and the risk of stroke in healthy middle-aged men. The 22 year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study. Stroke 1998;29:1860-1866.Pyorala M., Miettinen H., Laakso M., Pyorala K. Hyperinsulinemia and the risk of stroke in healthy middle-aged men. The 22 year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study. Stroke 1998;29:1860-1866.Kernan W. N., Inzucchi S. E., Viscoli C. M., Brass L. M., Bravata D. M., Shulman G. I., J. McVeety C., Horwitz R. I. Impaired insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent TIA or ischemic stroke. Neurology 2003;60:1447-1451.Kernan W. N., Inzucchi S. E., Viscoli C. M., Brass L. M., Bravata D. M., Shulman G. I., J. McVeety C., Horwitz R. I. Impaired insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent TIA or ischemic stroke. Neurology 2003;60:1447-1451.Allport L. E., Butcher K. S., Baird T. A., MacGregor L., Desmond P. M., Tress B. M., Colman P., Davis S. M. Insular Cortical Ischemia Is Independently Associated With Acute Stress Hyperglycemia Stroke. 2004;35:1886.Allport L. E., Butcher K. S., Baird T. A., MacGregor L., Desmond P. M., Tress B. M., Colman P., Davis S. M. Insular Cortical Ischemia Is Independently Associated With Acute Stress Hyperglycemia Stroke. 2004;35:1886.Frolich L., Blum-Degen D., Bernstein H.G. Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer.s disease. J. Neural. Transm. 1998; 105: 423.438.Frolich L., Blum-Degen D., Bernstein H.G. Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer.s disease. J. Neural. Transm. 1998; 105: 423.438.Gasparini L., Netzer W.J., Greengard P., Xu H. Does insulin dysfunction play a role in Alzheimer's disease? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2002;23(6):288-393.Gasparini L., Netzer W.J., Greengard P., Xu H. Does insulin dysfunction play a role in Alzheimer's disease? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2002;23(6):288-393.Craft S., Peskind E., Schwartz M.W. Cerebiospinal fluid and plasma insulin levels to Alzheimer.s disease: relationship to severity of dementia and apolipoprotein E genotype. Neurology 1998; 50: 1: 164-168.Craft S., Peskind E., Schwartz M.W. Cerebiospinal fluid and plasma insulin levels to Alzheimer.s disease: relationship to severity of dementia and apolipoprotein E genotype. Neurology 1998; 50: 1: 164-168.European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Giidelines Committee. J Hypertens 2003; 21 (6):1011-1053.European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Giidelines Committee. J Hypertens 2003; 21 (6):1011-1053.Wolf PA. Prevention of Stroke. Lancet 1998;352: (suppl 111)15-18.Wolf PA. Prevention of Stroke. Lancet 1998;352: (suppl 111)15-18.Kagansky N., Levy S., Knobler H. The Role of Hyperglycemia in Acute Stroke Arch Neurol. 2001; 58:1209-1212.Kagansky N., Levy S., Knobler H. The Role of Hyperglycemia in Acute Stroke Arch Neurol. 2001; 58:1209-1212.Chamorro A., Vila N., Ascaso C., Saiz A., Montalvo J., Alonso P., Tolosa E. Early Prediction of Stroke Severity. Stroke. 1995;26:573-576.Chamorro A., Vila N., Ascaso C., Saiz A., Montalvo J., Alonso P., Tolosa E. Early Prediction of Stroke Severity. Stroke. 1995;26:573-576.Ho J. E., Paultre F., Mosca L. Is Diabetes Mellitus a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivalent for Fatal Stroke in Women? Data From the Women's Pooling Project. Stroke. 2003;34:2812.Ho J. E., Paultre F., Mosca L. Is Diabetes Mellitus a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivalent for Fatal Stroke in Women? Data From the Women's Pooling Project. Stroke. 2003;34:2812.Mees S. M., van Dijk G. W., Algra A., Kempink D. R.J. and Rinkel G. J.E. Glucose levels and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2003;61:1132-1133.Mees S. M., van Dijk G. W., Algra A., Kempink D. R.J. and Rinkel G. J.E. Glucose levels and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2003;61:1132-1133.Alvarez-Sabin J. Admission Hyperglycemia Predicts a Poor Outcome in Reperfused Stroke Patients Stroke 2003;34:1235-1241.Alvarez-Sabin J. Admission Hyperglycemia Predicts a Poor Outcome in Reperfused Stroke Patients Stroke 2003;34:1235-1241.Grau A.J., Weimar C., Buggle F., Heinrich A., Goertler M., Neumaier S., Glahn J., Brandt T., Hacke W., Diener H.C. Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke: the German stroke data bank. Stroke 2001; 32(11):2559-2566.Grau A.J., Weimar C., Buggle F., Heinrich A., Goertler M., Neumaier S., Glahn J., Brandt T., Hacke W., Diener H.C. Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke: the German stroke data bank. Stroke 2001; 32(11):2559-2566.Karapanayiotides Th, Piechowski-Jozwiak B, G. van Melle, Bogousslavsky J, Devuyst G. Stroke patterns, etiology, and prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Neurology 2004; 62:1558-1562Karapanayiotides Th, Piechowski-Jozwiak B, G. van Melle, Bogousslavsky J, Devuyst G. Stroke patterns, etiology, and prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Neurology 2004; 62:1558-1562Megherbi S.-E., Milan C., Minier D., Couvreur G., Osseby G.-V., Tilling K., Di Carlo A., Inzitari D., for the European BIOMED Study of Stroke Care Group Association Between Diabetes and Stroke Subtype on Survival and Functional Outcome 3 Months After Stroke Data From the European BIOMED Stroke Project. Stroke. 2003;34:688-697.Megherbi S.-E., Milan C., Minier D., Couvreur G., Osseby G.-V., Tilling K., Di Carlo A., Inzitari D., for the European BIOMED Study of Stroke Care Group Association Between Diabetes and Stroke Subtype on Survival and Functional Outcome 3 Months After Stroke Data From the European BIOMED Stroke Project. Stroke. 2003;34:688-697.Bernick C., Kuller., Dulberg C., Longstreth W.T., Manolio T., Beauchamp N., Price T. for Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Silent MRI infarcts and the risk of future stroke: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology. 2001;57:1222-1229.Bernick C., Kuller., Dulberg C., Longstreth W.T., Manolio T., Beauchamp N., Price T. for Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Silent MRI infarcts and the risk of future stroke: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology. 2001;57:1222-1229.Eguchi K., Kario K., Shimada K. Greater Impact of Coexistence of Hypertension and Diabetes on Silent Cerebral Infarcts. Stroke. 2003;34: 2471-2474.Eguchi K., Kario K., Shimada K. Greater Impact of Coexistence of Hypertension and Diabetes on Silent Cerebral Infarcts. Stroke. 2003;34: 2471-2474.Kario K., Matsuo T., Kobayashi H., Hoshide S., Shimada K. Hyperinsulinemia and hemostatic abnormalities are associated with silent lacunar cerebral infarcts in elderly hypertensive subjects. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 37:871-877.Kario K., Matsuo T., Kobayashi H., Hoshide S., Shimada K. Hyperinsulinemia and hemostatic abnormalities are associated with silent lacunar cerebral infarcts in elderly hypertensive subjects. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 37:871-877.Price T.R., Manolio T.A., Kronmal R.A., Kittner S.J., Yue N.C., Robbins J., Anton-Culver H., O'Leary DH. Silent brain infarction on magnetic resonance imaging and neurological abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke. 1997;28:1158-1164.Price T.R., Manolio T.A., Kronmal R.A., Kittner S.J., Yue N.C., Robbins J., Anton-Culver H., O'Leary DH. Silent brain infarction on magnetic resonance imaging and neurological abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke. 1997;28:1158-1164.Howard G., Wagenknecht L.E., Cai J., Cooper L., Kraut M.A., Toole J.F. Cigarette smoking and other risk factors for silent cerebral infarction in the general population. Stroke. 1998;29:913- 917.Howard G., Wagenknecht L.E., Cai J., Cooper L., Kraut M.A., Toole J.F. Cigarette smoking and other risk factors for silent cerebral infarction in the general population. Stroke. 1998;29:913- 917.Longstreth W.T. Bernick C., Manolio T.A., Bryan N., Jungreis C.A., Price T.R. Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Neurol. 1998;55: 1217-1225.Longstreth W.T. Bernick C., Manolio T.A., Bryan N., Jungreis C.A., Price T.R. Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Neurol. 1998;55: 1217-1225.Hijdra A., Verbeeten B., Verhulst J. Relation of leukoaraiosis to lesion type in stroke patients. Stroke 1990;21:890-894.Hijdra A., Verbeeten B., Verhulst J. Relation of leukoaraiosis to lesion type in stroke patients. Stroke 1990;21:890-894.Henon H., Godefroy O., Lucas C., Pruvo J.P., Leys D. Risk factors and leukoaraiosis in stroke patients. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 1996 94(2):137-144.Henon H., Godefroy O., Lucas C., Pruvo J.P., Leys D. Risk factors and leukoaraiosis in stroke patients. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 1996 94(2):137-144.Inzitari D., Diaz F., Fox A. Vascular risk factors and leukoaraiosis. Arch. Neurol. 1987;44:42-47.Inzitari D., Diaz F., Fox A. Vascular risk factors and leukoaraiosis. Arch. Neurol. 1987;44:42-47.Leibson C.L., Rocca W.A., Hanson V.A. Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1997;145:301-308.Leibson C.L., Rocca W.A., Hanson V.A. Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1997;145:301-308.Luchsinger J.A., Tang M.X., Stern Y., Shea S., Mayeux R. Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with stroke in a multiethnic cohort. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001;154:635-641.Luchsinger J.A., Tang M.X., Stern Y., Shea S., Mayeux R. Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with stroke in a multiethnic cohort. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001;154:635-641.Peila R., Rodriguez B.L., Launer L.J. Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Diabetes 2002;51:1256-1262.Peila R., Rodriguez B.L., Launer L.J. Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Diabetes 2002;51:1256-1262.Messier C. Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein genotype. Exp. Gerontol. 2003;38(9):941-6.Messier C. Diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein genotype. Exp. Gerontol. 2003;38(9):941-6.MacKnight C., Rockwood K., Awalt E., McDowell I. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2002;14(2):77-83.MacKnight C., Rockwood K., Awalt E., McDowell I. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 2002;14(2):77-83.Xu W. L., Qiu C. X., Wahlin A., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project. A 6-year follow-up study. Neurology 2004;63:1181-1186.Xu W. L., Qiu C. X., Wahlin A., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project. A 6-year follow-up study. Neurology 2004;63:1181-1186.Pavlik V. N., Hyman D. J., Doody R. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function in Adults 30-59 Years of Age (NHANES III). Neuroepidemiology 2005;24:42-50.Pavlik V. N., Hyman D. J., Doody R. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function in Adults 30-59 Years of Age (NHANES III). Neuroepidemiology 2005;24:42-50.Haan M.N., Wallace R. Can dementia be prevented? Brain aging in a population-based context. Annu. Rev. Public Health. 2004; 25:1-24.Haan M.N., Wallace R. Can dementia be prevented? Brain aging in a population-based context. Annu. Rev. Public Health. 2004; 25:1-24.Katakami N., Yamasaki Y., Hayaishi-Okano R., Ohtoshi K., Kaneto H., Matsuhisa M., Kosugi K., Hori M. Metformin or gliclazide, rather than glibenclamide, attenuate progression of carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2004;47(11):1906-1913.Katakami N., Yamasaki Y., Hayaishi-Okano R., Ohtoshi K., Kaneto H., Matsuhisa M., Kosugi K., Hori M. Metformin or gliclazide, rather than glibenclamide, attenuate progression of carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2004;47(11):1906-1913.Aronoff S, Rosenblatt S, Braithwaite S, et al. Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy impruves glycemic control in the triatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care.2000;23:1605-1611Aronoff S, Rosenblatt S, Braithwaite S, et al. Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy impruves glycemic control in the triatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care.2000;23:1605-1611Plutzky J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in vascular biology and atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep.2000; 2: 327-335.Plutzky J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in vascular biology and atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep.2000; 2: 327-335.UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. UKPDS Br. Med. J., 1998, 316, 823-828.UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. UKPDS Br. Med. J., 1998, 316, 823-828.DECODE Study group. Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality: Comparison of the fasting and the 2-hour diagnostic criteria. Arch of Intern Med 2001; 161: 397-404.DECODE Study group. Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality: Comparison of the fasting and the 2-hour diagnostic criteria. Arch of Intern Med 2001; 161: 397-404.Assmann G, Schulte H. The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) Study: prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1988;116:1713-1724.Assmann G, Schulte H. The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) Study: prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1988;116:1713-1724.The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA.2003;289:2560-2571.The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA.2003;289:2560-2571.Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet.2000; 355:253-259.Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet.2000; 355:253-259.ABCD Study. Estasio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt W et al. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. New Engl. J. Med.1998;338:645-652.ABCD Study. Estasio RO, Jeffers BW, Hiatt W et al. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. New Engl. J. Med.1998;338:645-652.PROGRESS Management Committee. Blood pressure lowering for the secondary prevention of stroke: rationale and design for PROGRESS. J Hypertens 1996; 14(suppl 2) : S41-S46.PROGRESS Management Committee. Blood pressure lowering for the secondary prevention of stroke: rationale and design for PROGRESS. J Hypertens 1996; 14(suppl 2) : S41-S46.Pitt B., Byington RP, Furberg CD et al. Effect of amlodipin on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events (PREVENT study). Circulation 2000; 102:1503-1510.Pitt B., Byington RP, Furberg CD et al. Effect of amlodipin on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of clinical events (PREVENT study). Circulation 2000; 102:1503-1510.Absolute and relative changes in carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques during long-term antihypertensive treatment further results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA). J. Hypertens. 2004; 26(6): 1201-1212.Absolute and relative changes in carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques during long-term antihypertensive treatment further results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA). J. Hypertens. 2004; 26(6): 1201-1212.Staessen JA, Fogard R, Thijs L et al. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350:757-764.Staessen JA, Fogard R, Thijs L et al. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet 1997; 350:757-764.Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG et al. Effects of intensive bloodpressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension : principal results of the randomised HOT trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet. 1998; 351 (9118): 1755-1762.Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG et al. Effects of intensive bloodpressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension : principal results of the randomised HOT trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet. 1998; 351 (9118): 1755-1762.Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of choles-terol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389.Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of choles-terol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389.Kang S., Wu Y., Li X. Effects of statin therapy on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2004; 177; 2: 433-442.Kang S., Wu Y., Li X. Effects of statin therapy on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2004; 177; 2: 433-442.Ovbiagele B., Kidwell C. S., Saver J. L. Expanding Indications for Statins in Cerebral Ischemia .A Quantitative Study Arch Neurol. 2005;62:67-72.Ovbiagele B., Kidwell C. S., Saver J. L. Expanding Indications for Statins in Cerebral Ischemia .A Quantitative Study Arch Neurol. 2005;62:67-72.MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 2002; 360:7-22.MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 2002; 360:7-22.Carr ME. Diabetes mellitus: a hypercoagulable state. J Diabetes Complications. 2001;15:44-54.Carr ME. Diabetes mellitus: a hypercoagulable state. J Diabetes Complications. 2001;15:44-54.Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324:71-86.Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324:71-86.CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet. 1996;348:1329-1339.CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet. 1996;348:1329-1339.American Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Recommendations 2001. Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes. Diabetes Care , 2001, 24 (Suppl.1).American Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Recommendations 2001. Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes. Diabetes Care , 2001, 24 (Suppl.1).Grundmann K., Jaschonek K., Kleine B., Dichgans J., Topka H. Aspirin non-responder status in patients with recurrent cerebral ischemic attacks. J Neurol. 2003; 250 : 63-66.Grundmann K., Jaschonek K., Kleine B., Dichgans J., Topka H. Aspirin non-responder status in patients with recurrent cerebral ischemic attacks. J Neurol. 2003; 250 : 63-66.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.