<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13420</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13420</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа на острове Дельма: поперечное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Delma Island:  A Cross-Sectional Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4573-6863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохамед</surname><given-names>А.И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mohamed</surname><given-names>A.I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>регион Аль-Дафра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Al Dhafra Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakry20072010@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4083-2800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Аккад</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>ALakkad</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Researcher ID: AEW-9201-2022; Scopus Author ID: 60052817400</p><p>регион Аль-Дафра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ashraf ALakkad, MD</p><p>Researcher ID: AEW-9201-2022; Scopus Author ID: 60052817400</p><p>Al Dhafra Region, P.O. Box 50561, Abu Dhabi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ashraf.alaqqad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Больница Мадинат-Зайед</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Madinat Zayed Hospital</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Больница Дельма</institution><country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Delma Hospital</institution><country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>364</fpage><lpage>373</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мохамед А., Аль-Аккад А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мохамед А., Аль-Аккад А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mohamed A., ALakkad A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13420">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13420</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) остаются одной из ведущих причин заболеваемости и смертности среди пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Цель исследования — оценить распространенность факторов риска и самих ССЗ у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа (СД2) на острове Дельма в Объединенных Арабских Эмиратах.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Поперечное исследование проводилось в больнице Дельма с января 2024 по январь 2025 года. Были собраны данные обо всех пациентах с СД2, обращавшихся в терапевтическое отделение. В исследование включали взрослых (≥18 лет) с подтвержденным СД2 и полными медицинскими картами. Критериями исключения были сахарный диабет 1-го типа, беременность и неполные медицинские записи. Собирали демографические данные, сведения об артериальном давлении, липидном профиле, уровне гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c), курении, физической активности и документально подтвержденных ССЗ. Диагнозы ССЗ подтверждали на основании объективных клинических критериев. В соответствии с критериями Американской диабетической ассоциации за 2024–2025 годы контроль гликемии оценивали как хороший (HbA1c &lt;7%), умеренный (7–8%) или неудовлетворительный (&gt;8%). Статистический анализ проводили в программе IBM SPSS Statistics версии 26; порог статистической значимости составлял p&lt;0,05. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Среди 249 пациентов с СД2 (средний возраст — 53,99±10,65 года) у 71,9% была артериальная гипертензия, а у 20,9% — подтвержденные ССЗ. Недостаточная физическая активность отмечалась у 86,3%. Хотя у 65,1% пациентов уровень холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности (ХС ЛНП) был ниже 2,6 ммоль/л, действующие рекомендации предусматривают целевой уровень ниже 1,8 ммоль/л для пациентов высокого риска и ниже 1,4 ммоль/л для пациентов очень высокого риска. Это указывает на возможный недостаточный контроль липидного профиля. У 32,9% уровень холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности (ХС ЛВП) был ниже 1 ммоль/л. Хороший контроль гликемии (HbA1c &lt;7%) наблюдался у 50,6% пациентов, умеренный (HbA1c 7–8%) — у 19,3%, неудовлетворительный (HbA1c &gt;8%) — у 30,1%. Категория HbA1c была статистически значимо связана с категориями уровня триглицеридов (p=0,006) и ХС ЛВП (p=0,009), но не с возрастом или курением в анамнезе.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Исследование выявило высокую распространенность факторов риска ССЗ среди пациентов с СД2 на острове Дельма, прежде всего артериальной гипертензии, дислипидемии и недостаточной физической активности. Несмотря на определенные успехи в контроле ХС ЛНП, большинство пациентов высокого риска не достигли целевых показателей, рекомендованных действующими клиническими руководствами. Для снижения риска ССЗ необходимо усилить меры по изменению образа жизни и оптимизировать лечение диабета и нарушений липидного обмена.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes. This study aimed to assess the pattern of CVD risk factors and the prevalence of CVD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on Delma Island, United Arab Emirates.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Delma Hospital from January 2024 to January 2025. Data were collected from all patients with T2DM who attended the internal medicine clinic. Adults (≥18 years) with confirmed T2DM and complete medical records were included. Exclusion criteria were type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, and incomplete medical records. The collected data included demographics, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), smoking history, physical activity, and documented CVD. CVD diagnoses were confirmed using objective clinical criteria. Glycemic control was classified using the American Diabetes Association 2024/2025 criteria as good (&lt;7%), moderate (7–8%), or poor (&gt;8%). Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 26, with statistical significance set at p&lt;0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: Among 249 patients with T2DM (mean age 53.99±10.65 years), 71.9% had hypertension and 20.9% had confirmed CVD. Physical inactivity was present in 86.3%. Although 65.1% had low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol &lt;2.6 mmol/L, current guidelines recommend LDL cholesterol &lt;1.8 mmol/L for patients at high risk and &lt;1.4 mmol/L for those at very high risk, suggesting that lipid control may have been suboptimal. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was &lt;1 mmol/L in 32.9%. Good glycemic control (HbA1c &lt;7%) was observed in 50.6%, moderate control (HbA1c 7–8%) in 19.3%, and poor control (HbA1c &gt;8%) in 30.1%. HbA1c category was significantly associated with triglyceride (p=0.006) and HDL cholesterol (p=0.009) categories, but not with age or smoking history.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a high burden of CVD risk factors among patients with T2DM on Delma Island, particularly hypertension, dyslipidemia, and physical inactivity. Despite moderate LDL control, current guideline-recommended LDL targets were not met for most high-risk patients. Strengthening lifestyle interventions and optimizing diabetes and lipid management are essential to reduce CVD risk.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>риск атеросклеротических сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>недостаточная физическая активность</kwd><kwd>контроль гликемии</kwd><kwd>холестерин липопротеинов низкой плотности</kwd><kwd>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>physical inactivity</kwd><kwd>glycemic control</kwd><kwd>low-density lipoprotein cholesterol</kwd><kwd>United Arab Emirates</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leon BM, Maddox TM. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(13):1246–1258. doi: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leon BM, Maddox TM. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(13):1246–1258. doi: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Kollia P, et al. Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes: An Update. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2020;16(4):266–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X15666191111123622</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Kollia P, et al. Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes: An Update. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2020;16(4):266–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X15666191111123622</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertoluci MC, Rocha VZ. Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017;9:25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-017-0225-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertoluci MC, Rocha VZ. Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017;9:25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-017-0225-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jyotsna F, Ahmed A, Kumar K, et al. Exploring the Complex Connection Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Analyzing Approaches to Mitigate Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43882. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43882</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jyotsna F, Ahmed A, Kumar K, et al. Exploring the Complex Connection Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Analyzing Approaches to Mitigate Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Diabetes. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43882. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43882</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eckel RH, Bornfeldt KE, Goldberg IJ. Cardiovascular disease in diabetes, beyond glucose. Cell Metab. 2021;33(8):1519–1545. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eckel RH, Bornfeldt KE, Goldberg IJ. Cardiovascular disease in diabetes, beyond glucose. Cell Metab. 2021;33(8):1519–1545. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drożdż K, Nabrdalik K, Hajzler W, et al. Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Fructose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):103. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drożdż K, Nabrdalik K, Hajzler W, et al. Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Fructose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):103. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao M, Song L, Sun L, et al. Associations of Type 2 Diabetes Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Kailuan Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(6):1426–1432. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2375</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao M, Song L, Sun L, et al. Associations of Type 2 Diabetes Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Kailuan Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(6):1426–1432. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2375</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong ND, Sattar N. Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023;20(10):685–695. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-023-00877-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong ND, Sattar N. Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023;20(10):685–695. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-023-00877-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caussy C, Aubin A, Loomba R. The Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes, NAFLD, and Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Diab Rep. 2021;21(5):15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-021-01383-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caussy C, Aubin A, Loomba R. The Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes, NAFLD, and Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Diab Rep. 2021;21(5):15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-021-01383-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matheus AS, Tannus LR, Cobas RA, et al. Impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease: an update. Int J Hypertens. 2013;2013:653789. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/653789</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matheus AS, Tannus LR, Cobas RA, et al. Impact of diabetes on cardiovascular disease: an update. Int J Hypertens. 2013;2013:653789. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/653789</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.), Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.), Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2014: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai A, Tao J, Tao L, Liu J. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes among adults aged 45 years or older in China: A national crosssectional study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2021;4(3):e00265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.265</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai A, Tao J, Tao L, Liu J. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes among adults aged 45 years or older in China: A national crosssectional study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2021;4(3):e00265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.265</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang X, Qin C, Guo X, et al. Association of hemoglobin A1c with the incidence of hypertension: A large prospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;13:1098012. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1098012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang X, Qin C, Guo X, et al. Association of hemoglobin A1c with the incidence of hypertension: A large prospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;13:1098012. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1098012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekpor E, Addo-Mensah D, Akyirem S. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024;86(6):3468–3477. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000002122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekpor E, Addo-Mensah D, Akyirem S. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2024;86(6):3468–3477. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000002122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng K, Chen G, Liu C, et al. Association between smoking and glycemic control in diabetic patients: Results from the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. J Diabetes. 2018;10(5):408–418. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12625</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng K, Chen G, Liu C, et al. Association between smoking and glycemic control in diabetic patients: Results from the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. J Diabetes. 2018;10(5):408–418. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12625</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iino K, Iwase M, Tsutsu N, Iida M. Smoking cessation and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004;6(3):181–186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-8902.2004.00329.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iino K, Iwase M, Tsutsu N, Iida M. Smoking cessation and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004;6(3):181–186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-8902.2004.00329.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah SZA, Karam JA, Zeb A, et al. Movement is Improvement: The Therapeutic Effects of Exercise and General Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12(3):707–732. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01005-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah SZA, Karam JA, Zeb A, et al. Movement is Improvement: The Therapeutic Effects of Exercise and General Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Ther. 2021;12(3):707–732. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01005-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu CC, Chang HY, Huang MC, et al. HbA1c variability is associated with microalbuminuria development in type 2 diabetes: a 7-year prospective cohort study. Diabetologia. 2012;55(12):3163–3172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2700-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu CC, Chang HY, Huang MC, et al. HbA1c variability is associated with microalbuminuria development in type 2 diabetes: a 7-year prospective cohort study. Diabetologia. 2012;55(12):3163–3172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2700-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
