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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13368</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13368</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинический полиморфизм инсулинорезистентности типа А</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Different clinical characteristics of type A insulin resistance syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-7442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокорева</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokoreva</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кокорева Кристина Дмитриевна - кандидат медицинских наук, детский эндокринолог консультативно-диагностического центра ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова» Минздрава России; ассистент кафедры детской эндокринологии и диетологии ГБУЗ МО «МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского» Минздрава Московской области</p><p>117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina D. Kokoreva - MD, PhD.</p><p>11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kristinadk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-6318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волеводз</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volevodz</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волеводз Наталья Никитична - профессор, доктор медицинских наук, врач высшей квалификационной категории, заслуженный работник здравоохранения, руководитель консультативно-диагностического центра и заместитель директора ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова» Минздрава России по научной и консультативно-диагностической работе; заведующая кафедрой детской эндокринологии и диетологии ГБУЗ МО «МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского» Минздрава Московской области</p><p>117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Volevodz - MD, PhD, Professor.</p><p>11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nnvolevodz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии имени академика И.И. Дедова»; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Center; Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky (MONIKI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>597</fpage><lpage>603</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кокорева К.Д., Волеводз Н.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кокорева К.Д., Волеводз Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kokoreva K.D., Volevodz N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13368">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13368</self-uri><abstract><p>Инсулинорезистентность (ИР) типа А — орфанное врожденное заболевание с частотой 1 на 100 тысяч человек. Развитие данной патологии связано с дефектом гена рецептора инсулина INSR. Чаще диагностируется среди молодых девушек в связи с симптомами гиперандрогении. У мужчин заболевание выявляется, как правило, после развития сахарного диабета.</p><p>В статье представлены описания клинических случаев ИР типа А у девушек-подростков без ожирения и нарушений углеводного обмена. Пациентка 1, 17,9 года, с жалобами на акне, гиперпигментацию в области подмышек, задней поверхности шеи, паховых складок, локтевых сгибов и внутренней поверхности бедер, без ожирения и нарушений менструального цикла. Базальный уровень инсулина составил 101 мкЕД/мл (HOMA-IR 18,9), а в ходе перорального глюкозотолерантного теста (ПГТТ) уровень инсулина повысился до 684 мкЕд/мл. Пациентка 2 — 16,6 года, с жалобами на нерегулярный менструальный цикл до 90 дней, нормальным весом и множественными папилломами на теле. При обследовании выявлены нормогликемия на фоне выраженной ИР (до 366 мкЕд/мл в ходе ПГТТ) и лабораторные и ультразвуковые признаки синдрома поликистозных яичников. У обеих пациенток диагноз подтвержден результатами молекулярно-генетического исследования: у пациентки 1 диагностирован ранее описанный в литературе патогенный гетерозиготный вариант в 19 экзоне гена рецептора инсулина INSR (NM 000208.4, сhr19:7122707C&gt;T, c.3436G&gt;A), приводящий к замене аминокислоты в позиции 1146 белка (p.Gly1146Arg), у пациентки 2 выявлен гетерозиготный ранее не описанный в литературе вариант неизвестной клинической значимости в 17 экзоне гена INSR (NM 000208.4) c.3095G&gt;A (HG38, chr19:7125446С&gt;T), приводящий к аминокислотной замене глицина на аспартат в положении 1032 (p.Gly1032Asp). Пациенткам инициирована off-label терапия метформином гидрохлоридом в дозе 1500–2000 мг в сутки.</p><p>Данные клинические наблюдения демонстрируют выраженный клинический полиморфизм заболевания, от различающихся жалоб до компонентов синдрома, что обуславливает необходимость персонализированного подхода в лечении таких пациентов. Терапия метформином в высоких дозах может применяться с целью снижения выраженности ассоциированных с ИР черного акантоза, папилломатоза и синдрома поликистозных яичников. Генетическая верификация диагноза позволяет определить прогноз и провести медико-генетическое консультирование семьи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Insulin resistance (IR) type A is an autosomal dominant condition with a prevalence of 1/100 thousand people. It’s associated with a defect in the insulin receptor gene INSR. It’s more often diagnosed among young women due to hyperandrogenism. In men, the disease is usually diagnosed only after they develop diabetes mellitus.</p><p>The article presents clinical cases reports of IR type A in an adolescent girls with no obesity and prediabetes and diabetes. Patient 1, 17.9 years old presented complaining of acne, darkening of the skin on armpits, back of the neck, groins, elbows, inner thighs. Her fasting insulin was 101 µed/ml (HOMA-IR 18,9). 2 hours after glucose loading insulin was at the level of 684 µed/ml. Patient 2 — 16.6 years old, presented with the complaints of an irregular menstrual cycle of up to 90 days. She had no excess weight (SDS BMI = -0.7 SD). Multiple skin papillomas were observed. Laboratory and ultrasound signs of polycystic ovary syndrome were revealed, as well as normoglycemia and severe IR (up to 366 μU/ml during oral fasting glucose tolerance test). In both patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by the results of genetic testing. Patient 1 was diagnosed with a pathogenic heterozygous defect in exon 19 of the INSR insulin receptor gene (NM 000208.4, ch19:7122707C&gt;T, c.3436G&gt;A), leading to an amino acid substitution at protein position 1146 (p.Gly1146Arg). Patient 2 revealed a heterozygous variant unknown clinical significance in exon 17 of the INSR gene (NM 000208.4) c.3095G&gt;A (HG38, chr19:7125446C&gt;T), leading to the amino acid substitution of glycine for aspartate at position 1032 (p.Gly1032Asp). Metformin off-label therapy (1,500–2,000 mg per day) was initiated in both girls.</p><p>Presented clinical case reports demonstrate different patient complaints and clinical characteristics of type A insulin resistance syndrome. Patients with type A IR need personalized approach. High-dose metformin therapy can be used to reduce the severity of IR-associated skin symptoms such as acanthosis nigricans, papillomatosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Genetic diagnosis allows determining the prognosis and providing genetic counseling.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулинорезистентность типа А</kwd><kwd>гиперандрогения</kwd><kwd>синдром поликистозных яичников</kwd><kwd>черный акантоз</kwd><kwd>дефект гена рецептора инсулина INSR</kwd><kwd>метформина гидрохлорид</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Insulin resistance type A</kwd><kwd>hyperandrogenism</kwd><kwd>polycystic ovary syndrome</kwd><kwd>acanthosis nigricans</kwd><kwd>defect of insulin receptor gene INSR</kwd><kwd>metformin hydrochloride</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Мультистероидное исследование методом ТМС и молекулярно-генетические исследования проведены с использованием денежных средств, предоставленных благотворительным фондом поддержки и развития филантропии «КАФ».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manni A, Quarde A. 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