diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM13361diaendo-13361Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОбзор международного опыта скрининга и мониторинга сахарного диабета 1 типа на доклинических стадияхReview of international practice of screening and monitoring of type 1 diabetes mellitus at preclinical stageshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-8546ЛаптевД. Н.LaptevD. N.

Лаптев Дмитрий Никитич - д.м.н.

117292, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

WoS Researcher ID O-1826-2013; Scopus Author ID 24341083800

Dmitry N. Laptev - MD, PhD.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117292 Moscow

WoS Researcher ID O-1826-2013; Scopus Author ID 24341083800

laptevdn@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3979ТитовичЕ. В.TitovichE. V.

Титович Елена Витальевна - к.м.н.

117292, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Researcher ID AAO-2567-2020; Scopus Author ID 6507024916

Elena V. Titovich - MD, PhD.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117292 Moscow

Researcher ID AAO-2567-2020; Scopus Author ID 6507024916

lenatitovich@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-0974ФедорининА. А.FedorininA. A.

Федоринин Артем Альбертович.

117292, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Researcher ID rid97643; Scopus Author ID 57224524155

Artem A. Fedorinin - MD.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117292 Moscow

Researcher ID rid97643; Scopus Author ID 57224524155

artem_fedor@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-5732БезлепкинаО. Б.BezlepkinaO. B.

Безлепкина Ольга Борисовна - д.м.н.

117292, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Researcher ID B-6627-2017; Scopus Author ID 6507632848

Olga B. Bezlepkina - MD, PhD.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117292 Moscow

Researcher ID B-6627-2017; Scopus Author ID 6507632848

olgabezlepkina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-4627ПетерковаВ. А.PeterkovaV. A.

Петеркова Валентина Александровна - д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН.

117292, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Valentina A. Peterkova - MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of RAS.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117292 Moscow

peterkovava@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-8215МинниахметовИ. Р.MinniakhmetovI. R.

Минниахметов Илдар Рамилевич - к.б.н.

117292, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Ildar R. Minniakhmetov - PhD in Biology.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117292 Moscow

minniakhmetov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-9742МокрышеваН. Г.MokryshevaN. G.

Мокрышева Наталья Георгиевна - д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН.

117292, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11

Natalya G. Mokrysheva - MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS.

11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117292 Moscow

nm70@mail.ruГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова»РоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation202517012026286587596Copyright © Лаптев Д.Н., Титович Е.В., Федоринин А.А., Безлепкина О.Б., Петеркова В.А., Минниахметов И.Р., Мокрышева Н.Г., 20262026Лаптев Д.Н., Титович Е.В., Федоринин А.А., Безлепкина О.Б., Петеркова В.А., Минниахметов И.Р., Мокрышева Н.Г.Laptev D.N., Titovich E.V., Fedorinin A.A., Bezlepkina O.B., Peterkova V.A., Minniakhmetov I.R., Mokrysheva N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13361

Сахарный диабет 1 типа (СД1) — это аутоиммунное заболевание, которое вызывает повреждение и разрушение бета-клеток островков поджелудочной железы, что приводит к недостаточной выработке и секреции инсулина с последующим нарушением метаболизма и клинически явной гипергликемией, которая требует пожизненного лечения инсулином. В настоящее время появилась возможность выявлять заболевание на доклинических стадиях, когда функция бета-клеток поджелудочной железы достаточна для предотвращения гипергликемии и потребности в терапии инсулином, с помощью определения антител к островковым клеткам (ICA, IA-2, GAD, IAA, Zn8T). В связи с высокой актуальностью и возрастающими запросами медицинского сообщества к проблеме ранней диагностики СД1 и необходимостью стандартизации подходов, в течение 2024 г. было опубликовано несколько международных руководств по скринингу и мониторингу лиц с положительными аутоантителами на доклинических стадиях СД1. Мониторинг данных пациентов позволит снизить риск развития диабетического кетоацидоза, даст им и их семьям больше времени для приобретения знаний и навыков по лечению сахарного диабета, а также может снизить тревожность и стресс, связанные с началом клинической стадии СД1. В данном обзоре проведен анализ и сравнение международных подходов к скринингу и мониторингу доклинических стадий СД1.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes damage and destruction of the pancreatic islet beta cells, leading to insufficient insulin production, followed by metabolic disturbances and clinically overt hyperglycemia, which requires lifelong insulin therapy. Currently, it is possible to detect the disease at preclinical stages, when pancreatic islet beta-cell function is sufficient to prevent hyperglycemia and the need for insulin therapy, by determining antibodies to islet cells (ICA, IA-2, GAD, IAA, Zn8T). Due to the high relevance and growing demands from the medical community regarding the problem of early diagnosis of T1D and the need to standardize approaches, several international guidelines on screening and monitoring individuals with positive autoantibodies (AAb) at preclinical stages of T1D were published during 2024. Monitoring these patients will reduce the risk of DKA, give them and their families more time to acquire knowledge and skills for diabetes management, and may also reduce anxiety and stress associated with the onset of the clinical stage of T1D. This review analyzes and compares international approaches to screening and monitoring the preclinical stages of T1D.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.