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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13332</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Маркеры воспаления, фиброза, эндотелиальной дисфункции, подоцитопатии у пациентов с длительным течением сахарного диабета 1 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Markers of inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and podocytopathy in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6009-9872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евлоева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yevloyeva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евлоева Мадина Иссаевна, аспирант </p><p>117292, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madina I. Yevloyeva, postgraduate student</p><p>11 Dmitry Ulyanov street, 117292 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">madevis_6@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арутюнова Маргарита Станиславовна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita S. Arutyunova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rituzik-uezd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-8240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никанкина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikankina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никанкина Лариса Вячеславовна, к.м.н. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Nikankina, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">larisa.nikankina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3273-6930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слепцова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sleptsova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слепцова Арина Игоревна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina I. Sleptsova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arishanja@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7011-094X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Науменко</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumenko</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науменко Оксана Николаевна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana N. Naumenko, MD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ox.esina2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6953-6928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зураева</surname><given-names>З. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuraeva</surname><given-names>Z. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зураева Замира Тотразовна, к.м.н. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zamira T. Zuraeva, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zuraeva_zamira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-4933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Severina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Северина Анастасия Сергеевна, к.м.н., в.н.с. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Severina, MD, PhD, leading research associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ansev1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-8285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубицына</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubitsyna</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубицына Наталья Петровна, к.м.н., в.н.с. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Trubitsyna, MD, PhD, leading research associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trubicina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-0142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamkhalova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамхалова Минара Шамхаловна, д.м.н. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minara S. Shamkhalova, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamkhalova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>М. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестакова Марина Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Shestakova, MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евлоева М.И., Арутюнова М.С., Никанкина Л.В., Слепцова А.И., Науменко О.Н., Зураева З.Т., Северина А.С., Трубицына Н.П., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шестакова М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евлоева М.И., Арутюнова М.С., Никанкина Л.В., Слепцова А.И., Науменко О.Н., Зураева З.Т., Северина А.С., Трубицына Н.П., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шестакова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yevloyeva M.I., Arutyunova M.S., Nikankina L.V., Sleptsova A.I., Naumenko O.N., Zuraeva Z.T., Severina A.S., Trubitsyna N.P., Shamkhalova M.S., Shestakova М.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13332">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13332</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Комплексная оценка биомаркеров системного воспаления у пациентов с длительным течением сахарного диабета 1 типа (СД1), сопровождающегося кардиальной и почечной патологиями, может позволить стратифицировать пациентов по уровню воспалительной активности и помочь в поиске новых терапевтических возможностей профилактики и лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить маркеры воспаления, фиброза, эндотелиальной дисфункции, подоцитопатии у пациентов с длительным течением СД1 (≥20 лет).</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Исследование состояло из 2-х этапов. В рамках первого этапа было проведено одноцентровое одномоментное исследование 133 пациентов. Из них 87 пациентов, у которых были доступны данные 10-летней давности, были включены во второй этап исследования с динамической оценкой показателей. Все пациенты проходили обследование и лечение в ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России с 2011 по 2024 гг. Пациенты были распределены на несколько групп: без хронической болезни почек (ХБП) и с ХБП на разных стадиях. Помимо стандартных лабораторных показателей, исследованы уровни матриксной металлопротеиназы-9 (ММР-9), мозгового натрийуретического гормона (Na-рroBNP), трансформирующего фактора роста бета-1 (TGF-β1), асимметричного диметиларгинина (ADMA), моноцитарного хемотаксического фактора-1 (MCP-1), остеопонтина, рецепторов фактора некроза опухоли 1 (TNFRSF1A) и 2 (TNFRSF1B) типов, цистатина С в крови, нефрина, подоцина в моче с использованием коммерческих наборов в соответствии с рекомендациями производителей.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Сохранная функция почек согласно критериям ХБП наблюдалась у 43,2% пациентов (n=54), остальные находились на различных стадиях ХБП. У лиц с ХБП отмечалось повышение уровней ADMA (Р&lt;0,005), TNFRSF1A и TNFRSF1В (Р&lt;0,001) и снижение уровня TGF-β1 (Р&lt;0,006) по сравнению с лицами без ХБП. В группе динамического контроля (n=87) обнаружены статистически значимое повышение уровня TGF-β1, нефрина, подоцина, снижение расчетной скорости клубочковой фильтрации (рСКФ) (Р&lt;0,001) в течение периода наблюдения на фоне прогрессирования ХБП и ССЗ. В этой же группе определена обратная корреляционная связь (сильная и заметная) рСКФ с TNFRSF1A и TNFRSF1В, ADMA. Исходя из значений регрессионных коэффициентов, рСКФ имела обратную связь с развитием хронической сердечной недостаточности (ХСН), подоцин — положительную с острым повреждением почек (ОПП). При повышении рСКФ на 1 мл/мин/1,73 м2 уменьшается шанс развития ХСН в 1,12 раза (95% ДИ: 1,02; 1,22, Р=0,015). Увеличение подоцина на 1 нг/мл ассоциировано с повышением эпизодов ОПП в 1,43 раза (95% ДИ: 1,01; 2,03), Р=0,047.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. У лиц с длительным анамнезом СД1 определена значимая роль факторов эндотелиальной дисфункции, воспаления и фиброза, подоцитопатии в развитии и прогрессировании ХБП c вовлечением в патологический процесс сердечно-сосудистой системы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: A comprehensive assessment of biomarkers involved in the development of systemic inflammation in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), accompanied by the development and progression of cardiac and renal pathology, may allow stratification of patients according to specific inflammatory activity and help in the search for new therapeutic prevention and treatment options.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: To evaluate markers of inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and podocytopathy in patients with prolonged course of T1D (≥ 20 years).</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 2 stages. In the first stage, a single-center, cross-sectional study of 133 patients was conducted. Of these, 87 patients with 10-year data available were included in the second stage of the study with dynamic assessment of parameters. All patients were examined and treated at the Endocrinology Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 2011 to 2024. Patients were divided into several groups: without chronic kidney disease (CKD) and with CKD at different stages. In addition to standard laboratory parameters, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain natriuretic hormone (NT-proBNP), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), monocyte chemotactic factor-1 (MCP-1), osteopontin, and tumor necrosis factor receptors type 1 (TNFRSF1A) and type 2 (TNFRSF1B), cystatin C in blood, nephrin, podocin in urine were studied using commercial kits in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations. Based on the values of the regression coefficients, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed an inverse relationship with the development of chronic heart failure (CHF), while podocin exhibited a positive relationship with acute kidney injury (AKI). The risk of CHF decreased with every 1 mL/min/1.73 m² increase in eGFR, OR=1.12 (95% CI: 1.02–1.22, P=0.015). The risk of AKI increased with every 1 ng/mL increase in podocin level, OR = 1.43 (95% CI: 1.01–2.03, P=0.047).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: According to the criteria of CKD, preserved kidney function was observed in 43.2% of patients (n=54), the rest were at various stages of CKD. The prevalence of late complications of diabetes among the examined patients was high and increased as renal dysfunction progressed. Individuals with CKD showed increased levels of ADMA (P&lt;0.005), TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B (P&lt;0.001) and decreased levels of TGF-β1 (P&lt;0.006) compared with those without CKD. In the dynamic control group (n=87), statistically significant increases in the levels of TGF-β1, nephrin, podocin, a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P&lt;0.001), and a statistical trend towards an increase in cystatin C during the follow-up period against the background of progression of renal and cardiovascular pathology were detected. In the same group, an inverse correlation (strong and noticeable) was determined between eGFR and TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, ADMA.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: In individuals with a long history of T1D, a significant role of factors of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis, podocytopathy in the development and progression of CKD with involvement of the cardiovascular system in the pathological process has been determined.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>микрососудистые осложнения</kwd><kwd>макрососудистые осложнения</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>подоцитопатия</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>microvascular complications</kwd><kwd>macrovascular complications</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>podocytopathy</kwd><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках выполнения Государственного задания Минздрава России (123021000038-6)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregory GA, Robinson TIG, Linklater SE, et al. 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