diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM13324diaendo-13324Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL STUDIESИнструменты скрининга сахарного диабета для выявления предиабета: комплексный обзорный анализ данных и практики внедренияDiabetes Risk Screening Tools for Prediabetes: A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Evidence and Implementationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-2893ВонгритП.WongrithP.

Палиратана Вонгрит

Бангкок, Накхонситхаммарат

Paleeratana Wongrith - MSc (Health Education & Behavioral Science), Doctoral candidate, Assistant Professor

222 Thaiburi, Thasala District Nakhonsrithammarat, Thailand, 80160

paleerut@gmail.comДангкраджангС.DangkrajangS.

Супика Дангкраджанг

Бангкок

Suphika Dangkrajang - ED.D., Assistant Professor.

Bangkok

suphi2515@gmail.comНамЧ. Т.NamT. T.

Чыонг Тхань Нам

Кантхо

Truong Thanh Nam - PhD, Assistant Professor.

Can Tho

ttnam@ctump.edu.vnУниверситет Таммасат; Университет ВалайлакТаиландThammasart University; Walailak UniversityThailandУниверситет ТаммасатТаиландThammasart UniversityThailandМедико-фармацевтический университет КантхоВьетнамCan Tho University of Medicine and PharmacyViet Nam202509102025284348358Copyright © Вонгрит П., Дангкраджанг С., Нам Ч., 20252025Вонгрит П., Дангкраджанг С., Нам Ч.Wongrith P., Dangkrajang S., Nam T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13324ОБОСНОВАНИЕ/ЦЕЛЬ

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ/ЦЕЛЬ. Инструменты скрининга риска сахарного диабета (СД) имеют решающее значение для выявления лиц с предиабетом и предотвращения его прогрессирования в СД. Однако систематических обзоров, посвященных таким инструментам, особенно для скрининга предиабета, недостаточно. В данном обзорном анализе рассматриваются характеристики, методы разработки и эффективность инструментов оценки риска СД для выявления предиабета и прогнозирования его перехода в СД.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Обзорный анализ проводился в соответствии с методологией Института Джоанны Бриггс. Поиск проводился в базах данных PubMed, ScienceDirect и Google Scholar с дополнительным отслеживанием цитирований. В исследование включались работы, посвященные взрослым с бессимптомным течением предиабета. Исследования исключались, если в них отсутствовали релевантные данные, они были опубликованы не на английском языке или не содержали мер валидации. Данные извлекались независимо двумя рецензентами и обобщались в описательной форме с акцентом на дизайн исследования, характеристики моделей риска, статистические показатели эффективности и оценку качества.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Четырнадцать исследований соответствовали критериям включения; в них рассматривалось 26 моделей риска. В 11 моделях использовалась логистическая регрессия, а для оценки прогрессирования СД в шести моделях применялись отношение рисков (Hazard Ratios) и C-статистика. К общим факторам риска относились возраст, ИМТ (индекс массы тела), семейный анамнез СД и гипертония. Неинвазивные инструменты и прогностические модели ­показали свою перспективность, при этом большинство исследований были оценены как имеющие низкий риск систематической ошибки с использованием инструмента QUADAS-2. Высокочувствительные инструменты, ­использующие пороговые значения глюкозы в плазме натощак, гликированного гемоглобина и перорального глюкозотолерантного теста, продемонстрировали свою эффективность, однако их широкое внедрение требует сбалансированного подхода к затратам и практической реализации.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Протестированы различные инструменты скрининга, способные выявлять людей с предиабетом или высоким риском развития СД2. Однако в исследованиях, где были доступны достаточные доказательства для сравнения инструментов, их эффективность оказалась неоднозначной. Некоторые инструменты были изучены только в единичных исследованиях, и их более широкая применимость остается неясной. Клиницисты или исследователи, планирующие использовать эти инструменты для скрининга пациентов с предиабетом или высоким риском развития СД2, должны учитывать возможные ограничения.

Полный текст статьи доступен в электронной версии журнала на сайте www.dia-endojournals.ru.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetes risk screening tools are essential for identifying individuals with prediabetes and preventing the progression to diabetes. However, systematic reviews focusing on such tools, particularly for prediabetes screening, are scarce. This scoping review examines the characteristics, development methods, and effectiveness of diabetes risk assessment tools in identifying prediabetes and predicting its progression to diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, complemented by citation tracking. Eligible studies included asymptomatic adults with prediabetes. Studies were excluded if they lacked relevant data, were not in English, or had no validation measures. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and synthesized narratively, focusing on study design, risk model features, performance statistics, and quality assessments.

RESULTS

RESULTS: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, covering 26 risk models. Sensitivity and specificity were used in 9 risk screening tools, with Hazard Ratios and C-Statistics assessing diabetes progression in six. Common risk factors included age, BMI, family history of diabetes, and hypertension. Non-invasive tools and predictive models showed promise, with most studies assessed as having a low risk of bias using QUADAS-2. High-sensitivity tools utilizing FBG, HbA1c, and OGTT cutoffs demonstrated effectiveness but require balancing cost and feasibility for broader implementation.

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION: A range of different screening tools has been tested that could identify people with prediabetes or a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, where sufficient evidence was available to compare tools across studies the performance of these tools was inconsistent. Several tools have only been investigated in single studies, with uncertainty around their wider generalisability. Clinicians or researchers wishing to screen people for prediabetes or a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes using any of these tools should be aware of their potential limitations.

The full text of the article is available in the electronic version of the journal on the website www.dia-endojournals.ru

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.