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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13261</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13261</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сахарный диабет у лиц пожилого возраста: клинико-эпидемиологические характеристики всероссийской когорты пациентов старше 65 лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus in the elderly: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the all-Russian cohort of diabetic patients over 65 years</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестакова Марина Владимировна - д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Shestakova - MD, PhD, Professor.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Shestakova.Marina@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-8882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Викулова</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vikulova</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Викулова Ольга Константиновна - д.м.н., доцент.</p><p>117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga K. Vikulova - MD, PhD, Associate Professor.</p><p>11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vikulova.Olga@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-0124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железнякова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznyakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Железнякова Анна Викторовна - к.м.н., с.н.с. Scopus ID: 55939275900; eLibrary SPIN: 8102-1779; ResearcherID: J-3455-2017; IstinaResearcherID (IRID): 174858511.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Zheleznyakova - MD, PhD, senior research associate; Scopus ID: 55939275900; eLibrary SPIN: 8102-1779; ResearcherID: J-3455-2017; IstinaResearcherID (IRID): 174858511.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zheleznyakova.anna@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-9487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутакова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutakova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутакова Дарья Вячеславовна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria V. Kutakova - MD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sazonova.darya@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-1117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаков</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаков Михаил Андреевич - к.б.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail А. Isakov - PhD in Biology.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.isakov@aston-health.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-9742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокрышева</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrysheva</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мокрышева Наталья Георгиевна - д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya G. Mokrysheva, MD, PhD, Professor.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mokrisheva.natalia@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>504</fpage><lpage>519</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В., Кутакова Д.В., Исаков М.А., Мокрышева Н.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В., Кутакова Д.В., Исаков М.А., Мокрышева Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K., Zheleznyakova A.V., Kutakova D.V., Isakov M.A., Mokrysheva N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13261">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13261</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Старение населения ведет к увеличению распространенности возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний, что актуализирует изучение характеристик сахарного диабета (СД) у лиц старших возрастных групп.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Провести анализ клинико-эпидемиологических показателей СД у лиц старшего возраста (≥65 лет) с оценкой контроля углеводного обмена, частоты диабетических осложнений и структуры сахароснижающей терапии (ССТ) в Российской Федерации (РФ) клинико-эпидемиологического мониторинга СД.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Объектом исследования является всероссийская когорта пациентов с СД на основе «Базы данных клинико-эпидемиологического мониторинга СД на территории Российской Федерации», свидетельство о государственной регистрации базы данных № 2020622447 (http://diaregistry.ru, регистр СД). Выполнен анализ деперсонифицированной выгрузки на 01.01.2024 г., включившей 5 205 647 пациентов из 87 регионов РФ. Пациенты были стратифицированы по возрастной отрезной точке ≥ и &lt;65 лет и анализировались в подгруппах СД 1 и 2 типа (СД1 и СД2), в динамике 2013–2023 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Количество пациентов в возрасте «65+» составило 3 085 805 человек — 59,3% от общей численности пациентов с СД; из них с СД2 — 3 062 517 (63,8%), с СД1 — 23 298 (8,1%). За период 2013–2023 гг. отмечен прирост доли лиц пожилого возраста при СД2 с 50,2% до 63,8%, при СД1 с 7,9% до 8,1%. При СД2 доля пациентов, дебютирующих в возрасте старше 60 лет, увеличилась с 51 до 63%. Клинические характеристики в группах «65+» и «65-» статистически значимо различались: при СД1 уровень гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1с) 7,8 vs 8,0%, расчетная скорость клубочковой фильтрации (рСКФ) — 75,0 vs 107,2 мл/мин/1,73 м², индекс массы тела (ИМТ) — 26,9 vs 23,2 кг/м²; при СД2 — 7,3 vs 7,5%, 73,1 vs 89,1 мл/мин/1,73 м², 30,9 vs 32,0 кг/м² соответственно. Доля лиц с ожирением (ИМТ&gt;30 кг/м²) возрастала у лиц старше 65 лет с СД1 с 13 до 36% и уменьшалась при СД2 с 62 до 54%. В группе пациентов старшего возраста при обоих типах СД отмечалась более высокая частота диабетических осложнений с сочетанным поражением органов-мишеней — хроническая болезнь почек, атеросклеротические сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, хроническая сердечная недостаточность при СД1 в среднем в 4,6 раза, при СД2 — в 2,2 раза. В структуре ССТ в группе «65+» преобладали препараты сульфонилмочевины (СМ) 45,3% vs 35,0% и снижалась доля метформина и препаратов с органопротективными эффектами (иДПП-4, иНГЛТ-2, арГПП-1).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Анализ пациентов старшего возраста в Российской популяции пациентов с СД показал выраженные клинические отличия, характеризующие патофизиологические особенности течения СД в пожилом возрасте, что требует особого внимания к аспектам индивидуализации целей лечения и выбора терапии с позиций безопасности и снижения рисков в данной когорте пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: Population aging leads to an increase in the prevalence of age-associated diseases, which makes it relevant to study the characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) in older adults.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: The aim of our study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of DM in elderly people (≥65 years), the state of carbohydrate metabolism (level of HbA1c), the frequency of diabetic complications and the characteristics of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT) in the Russian Federation (RF).</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Object of the study: Russian cohort of patients with diabetes based on the depersonalized "Database of clinical and epidemiological monitoring of DM in the territory of the RF", certificate of state registration database №2020622447 (http://diaregistry.ru, register of DM), including patients from 87 regions of the RF, n=5205647. Patients were stratified by age ≥ and &lt;65 years into 2 groups: “65+”, n=3085805 and “65-”, n=2119842 and analyzed in the subgroups of type 1 and type 2 DM, in dynamics 2013–2023.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The total number of DM patients aged 65+ is 3085805, which is 59,3% of the total number of DM patients; with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) — 63,8%, with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) — 8,1% of patients. Over the period 2013-2023, there was an ­increase in the proportion of elderly people with T2DM from 50,2% to 63,8%, with T1DM — 7,9-8,1%. The proportion of patients with onset of T2DM over the age 60 years increased from 51% to 63%. Clinical characteristics in the «65+» and «65-» group differed significantly in T1DM in the level of HbA1c 7,8 vs 8,0%, level of GFR 75,0 vs 107,2 ml/min/1,73 m2, BMI 26,9 vs 23,2 kg/m2; in T2DM the level of HbA1c 7,3 vs 7,5%, level of GFR 73,1 vs 89,1 ml/min/1,73 m2; BMI 30,9 vs 32,0 kg/m2, respectively. The proportion of obese patients increased with age in T1DM from 13% to 36%, and decreased in T2DM from 62% to 54%. In the group of older patients with both types of DM, a higher frequency of diabetic complications with combined damage to target organs of CKD, ASCVD and CHF was observed: on average 4,6 times with in T1DM, 2,2 times in T2DM. When analyzing the GLT in the group of 65+, sulfonylurea (SU) drugs dominate 45,3% vs 35,0%, the proportion of metformin and drugs with organoprotective effects (DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, arGLP-1) decreases.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: An analysis of older patients from the all-Russian population of DM patients showed significant clinical differences characterizing the pathophysiological features of the course of DM in the elderly, which requires special attention to the aspects of individualization of treatment goals and choice of therapy from the standpoint of safety and risk reduction in this cohort of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>возраст старше 65 лет</kwd><kwd>пожилые</kwd><kwd>сахароснижающая терапия</kwd><kwd>риск гипогликемий</kwd><kwd>клинико-­эпидемиологический мониторинг СД</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>over 65 year</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>hypoglycemic therapy</kwd><kwd>risk of hypoglycemia</kwd><kwd>clinical and epidemiological monitoring of diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена в рамках выполнения Государственного задания Минздрава РФ НИОКТР № 122012100183-1</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. 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