diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM13241diaendo-13241Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSВлияние циркадных ритмов на углеводный обмен в норме и при сахарном диабетеThe influence of circadian rhythms on carbohydrate metabolism in health and in diabetes mellitushttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-8711МисниковаИ. В.MisnikovaI. V.

Мисникова Инна Владимировна - д.м.н.; ScopusAuthor ID: 559756; eLibrary SPIN: 3614-3011.

Москва

Inna V. Misnikova - MD, PhD; ScopusAuthor ID: 559756; eLibrary SPIN: 3614-3011.

Moscow

inna-misnikova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-1680-3236ЗолоеваД. Э.ZoloevaD. E.

Золоева Дзерасса Эльбрусовна

129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2

Dzerassa Е. Zoloeva – MD.

61/2 Shchepkina street, 129110 Moscow

zolodz@mail.ruМосковский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. ВладимирскогоРоссияMoscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. VladimirskyRussian Federation202509102025284367375Copyright © Мисникова И.В., Золоева Д.Э., 20252025Мисникова И.В., Золоева Д.Э.Misnikova I.V., Zoloeva D.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13241

Большинство процессов в организме человека и других живых организмов подчинено биоритмам. Под термином «Биоритмы» понимают периодически повторяющиеся изменения биологических процессов. Биологические ритмы наследственно закреплены и являются важнейшими факторами естественного отбора и адаптации организмов. Циркадные ритмы у человека регулируются центральными и периферическими часами. Центральные часы расположены в супрахиазматическом ядре (СЯГ) переднего гипоталамуса, а периферические часы находятся в различных тканях и органах организма человека, включая мозг, поджелудочную железу, печень, жировую ткань, желудочно-кишечный тракт и мышцы. Внешние и внутренние сигналы находятся в постоянной синхронизации и обеспечивают гомеостаз. Несоответствие внутренних биологических часов с внешними сигналами может приводить к десинхронизации циркадных ритмов. Десинхронизация циркадного ритма может приводить к возникновению метаболически-ассоциированных заболеваний, в том числе к развитию сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2), ожирению и к худшему контролю гликемии. В этой статье рассматриваются влияние циркадных ритмов на биологические процессы и на секрецию гормонов, также связь между циркадными ритмами и метаболизмом глюкозы у людей с СД2 и нормогликемией.

Most processes in the human body and other living organisms are governed by biorhythms. The term biorhythms refers to periodically recurring changes in biological processes. Biological rhythms are genetically fixed and are crucial factors in natural selection and adaptation of organisms. In humans, circadian rhythms are regulated by central and peripheral clocks. The central clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus, while peripheral clocks are found in various tissues and organs of the human body, including the brain, pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, and muscles. External and internal signals are in constant synchronization, ensuring homeostasis. A mismatch between internal biological clocks and external signals can lead to desynchronization of circadian rhythms. Desynchronization of the circadian rhythm may result in the onset of metabolically associated diseases, including the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and poorer glycemic control. This article examines the impact of circadian rhythms on biological processes and hormone secretion, as well as the relationship between circadian rhythms and glucose metabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes and normoglycemia.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.