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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13230</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гаплотипический кластер генов десатуразы жирных кислот FADS1, FADS2 и сахарный диабет 2 типа у якутов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Haplotypic cluster of fatty acid desaturase genes FADS1, FADS2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yakutsk</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-1876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Надежда Ивановна - к.б.н.; Researcher ID: S-8030-2018; Scopus Author ID: 57222060706; eLibrary SPIN: 6167-5254.</p><p>677007, Республика Саха (Якутия), Якутск, ул. Космофизическая, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda I. Pavlova - PhD in Biology; Researcher ID: S-8030-2018; Scopus Author ID: 57222060706; eLibrary SPIN: 6167-5254.</p><p>23 Kosmofizicheskaya street, 677007 Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solnishko_84@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5977-5518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылов Алексей Васильевич - Scopus Author ID: 58534986300; eLibrary SPIN: 5746-3015.</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Krylov - Scopus Author ID: 58534986300; eLibrary SPIN: 5746-3015.</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexkrulovwork@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5414-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочуров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochurov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочуров Алексей Алексеевич - Researcher ID: HPG-8119-2023; Scopus Author ID: 57488486500; eLibrary SPIN: 1853-0018.</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Bochurov - Researcher ID: HPG-8119-2023; Scopus Author ID: 57488486500; eLibrary SPIN: 1853-0018.</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">binbaher@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-0357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куртанов</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurtanov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куртанов Харитон Алексеевич - к.м.н.; Researcher ID: B-2071-2014; eLibrary SPIN: 8254-3787.</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khariton A. Kurtanov - PhD; Researcher ID: B-2071-2014; eLibrary SPIN:  8254-3787.</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hariton_kurtanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>304</fpage><lpage>312</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлова Н.И., Крылов А.В., Бочуров А.А., Куртанов Х.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлова Н.И., Крылов А.В., Бочуров А.А., Куртанов Х.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlova N.I., Krylov A.V., Bochurov A.A., Kurtanov K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13230">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13230</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. По данным Международной диабетической федерации (IDF) на 2021 г., каждый 10-й взрослый человек в мире страдает сахарным диабетом (СД), из которых 90% болеют сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2). Многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют о том, что уровни полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) в крови влияют на липидный обмен. На уровни ПНЖК в крови влияет не только потребление их с пищей, а также их метаболизм с помощью ферментов десатуразы, кодируемыми генами десатуразы жирных кислот 1 (FADS1) и десатуразы жирных кислот 2 (FADS2).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить вклад генов FADS1, FADS2 в риск развития СД2 среди популяции якутов.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследовании участвовал 541 доброволец, участники — этнические якуты до третьего поколения. Выборка больных СД2 состояла из 95 пациентов эндокринологического отделения Республиканской больницы №2 Государственного бюджетного учреждения «Центр экстренной медицинской помощи». Группой сравнения служила выборка из 446 добровольцев без хронических заболеваний. Группа здоровых якутов была разделена на подгруппы по показателям индекса массы тела (ИМТ). Однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы определяли методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) с последующим анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов (ПДРФ).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В настоящем исследовании установлена высокая частота предковых аллелей по SNP rs174537 (72,8–78,1%), по SNP rs174546 (71,3–78,1%) и по делеции rs3834458 (72,8–77,5%) в популяции якутов. Анализ силы связи аллелей и генотипов генов FADS1 / FASD2 с СД2 не показал статистически значимые значения. Анализ парного неравновесия сцепления и оценки гаплотипов по исследованным полиморфизмам составил r2=0,93-1,00. Выявлена ассоциация гаплотипа ТТТ с СД2, который у больных встречался в 14,5 раза чаще.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Результаты данного исследования могут внести вклад в будущие исследования питания и диеты, а также в изучение влияния воздействия ПНЖК с пищей на эпигенетическую регуляцию биосинтеза и метаболизма ПНЖК. Необходима дальнейшая работа для выяснения конкретных механизмов, с помощью которых кластер генов FADS и диета влияют на уровни длинно-цепочечных ПНЖК у людей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2021, one in ten adults worldwide suffers from diabetes, of which 90% have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Numerous studies indicate that blood PUFA levels affect lipid metabolism. Blood PUFA levels are affected not only by their dietary intake, but also by their metabolism by desaturase enzymes encoded by the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) genes.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: To study the contribution of the FADS1, FADS2 genes to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the Yakut population.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 541 volunteers, ethnic Yakuts up to the third generation, participated in the study. The sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus consisted of 95 patients from the endocrinology department of the Republican Hospital No. 2 of the State Budgetary Institution “Emergency Medical Care Center”. The comparison group was a sample of 446 volunteers without chronic diseases. A group of healthy Yakuts was divided into subgroups based on body mass index (BMI). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The present study established a high frequency of ancestral alleles for SNP rs174537 (72.8 - 78.1%), for SNP rs174546 (71.3–78.1%) and for the deletion rs3834458 (72.8–77.5%) in Yakut populations. Analysis of the strength of the association of alleles and genotypes of the FADS1 / FASD2 genes with type 2 diabetes did not show statistically significant values. Analysis of pairwise linkage disequilibrium and assessment of haplotypes for the studied polymorphisms was r2=0.93-1.00. An association of the TTT haplotype with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was 14.5 times more common in patients, was revealed.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The results of this study may provide input for future nutrition and diet research to examine the effects of dietary PUFA exposure on the epigenetic regulation of PUFA biosynthesis and metabolism. Further work is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which the FADS gene cluster and diet influence LC PUFA levels in humans and how they influence inflammation and disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>rs174537</kwd><kwd>rs174546</kwd><kwd>rs3834458</kwd><kwd>FADS1</kwd><kwd>FADS2</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rs174537</kwd><kwd>rs174546</kwd><kwd>rs3834458</kwd><kwd>FADS1</kwd><kwd>FADS2</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках НИР «Изучение груза наследственной патологии и генофонда народов Республики Саха (Якутия)» № 122041800120-9 с использованием УНУ «Геном Якутии» №USU_507512</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation, 2021 [интернет] [доступ от 01.08.2024]. 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