<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинический случай</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности инсулинотерапии при сочетании сахарного диабета 1 типа длительного течения и метаболического синдрома</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of insulin therapy in combination of long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-807X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Cамсонова Маргарита Денисовна - клинический ординатор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita D. Samsonova - MD, clinical resident.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samsonovamag@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-8285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубицына</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubitsyna</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубицына Наталья Петровна - к.м.н., в.н.с.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Trubitsyna - MD, PhD, leading researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trubicina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-4933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Severina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Северина Анастасия Сергеевна - к.м.н., в.н.с.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Severina - MD, PhD, leading researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ansev1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-0142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamkhalova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамхалова Минара Шамхаловна - д.м.н.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minara S. Shamkhalova - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamkhalova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>510</fpage><lpage>515</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самсонова М.Д., Трубицына Н.П., Северина А.С., Шамхалова М.Ш., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самсонова М.Д., Трубицына Н.П., Северина А.С., Шамхалова М.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samsonova M.D., Trubitsyna N.P., Severina A.S., Shamkhalova M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13139">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13139</self-uri><abstract><p>Сахарный диабет 1 типа (СД1) продолжает оставаться одной из глобальных медико-социальных проблем ввиду своей широкой распространенности, полиморфизма, развития тяжелых осложнений и необратимости изменений. Несмотря на существующие четкие алгоритмы и схемы выбора инсулинотерапии, сложную задачу представляет преодоление инсулинорезистентности (ИР) ввиду невозможности применения препаратов из группы бигуанидов и глитазонов, так как их использование при СД1 не предусмотрено инструкцией. В представленном наблюдении показана клиническая картина ИР на фоне метаболического синдрома и длительно существующей гипергликемии у пациентки с СД1 и акцентировано внимание на важности назначения адекватной инсулинотерапии и индивидуального подхода к ведению больной. Основной стратегией в данном случае является постепенное увеличение доз инсулина до тех пор, пока не будут достигнуты целевые показатели гликемии. При этом после достижения адекватных доз и нахождения пациента в пределах околоцелевых значений в течение некоторого периода времени возможно закономерное снижение потребности в инсулине на фоне нейтрализации действия глюкозотоксичности на периферические ткани.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) continues to struggle with medical and social problems due to its high prevalence, polymorphism, development of severe diseases and irreversibility of changes. Despite four options for algorithms and choice of insulin therapy, the difficult task of switching to the insulin resistance (IR) scheme due to the impossibility of using drugs from the biguanide and glitazone group, since their use in T1DM is not provided for by the instructions. The presented observation shows the clinical picture of IR against the background of metabolic syndrome and prolonged hyperglycemia in patients with T1DM and special attention is paid to the importance of prescribing adequate insulin therapy and an individual approach to patient management. The main strategy in this case is a gradual increase in the insulin dose until the target glycemic indicators are achieved. At the same time, after achieving adequate doses and the patient staying within the near-target indicators for a certain period of time, it is possible to use insulin restrictions against the background of neutralizing the effect of glucotoxicity on peripheral tissues.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 1 типа</kwd><kwd>инсулинотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>type 1 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>insulin therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена в рамках выполнения Государственного задания Минздрава России (123021000038-6)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И. и др. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: динамика эпидемиологических показателей по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета за период 2010–2022 гг. // Сахарный диабет. — 2023. — Т. 26. — № 2. — С. 104–123. https://doi.org/10.14341/DM13035</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, et al. Diabetes mellitus in the Russian Federation: dynamics of epidemiological indicators according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus for the period 2010–2022. Diabetes Mellit. 2023;26(2):104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/DM13035</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bielka W, Przezak A, Molęda P, et al. Double diabetes-when type 1 diabetes meets type 2 diabetes: definition, pathogenesis and recognition. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-024-02145-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bielka W, Przezak A, Molęda P, et al. Double diabetes-when type 1 diabetes meets type 2 diabetes: definition, pathogenesis and recognition. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-024-02145-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И. и др. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. / Под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова // Сахарный диабет. — 2023, 11-й вып.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Algorithms for specialized medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus / Edited by II Dedova, MV Shestakova, AYu Mayorova. – M.; 2023:11th issue. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossetti L, Giaccari A, DeFronzo RA. Glucose toxicity. Diabetes Care. 1990;13(6):610-630. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.13.6.610</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossetti L, Giaccari A, DeFronzo RA. Glucose toxicity. Diabetes Care. 1990;13(6):610-630. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.13.6.610</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khadilkar A, Oza C, Mondkar SA. Insulin Resistance in Adolescents and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of Problems and Solutions. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2023;16. https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514231206730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khadilkar A, Oza C, Mondkar SA. Insulin Resistance in Adolescents and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of Problems and Solutions. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2023;16. https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514231206730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Майоров А. Ю., Урбанова К. А., Галстян Г. Р. Методы количественной оценки инсулинорезистентности // Ожирение и метаболизм. — 2009. — №. 2. — С. 19-23. https://doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5313</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayorov A.Yu., Urbanova K.A., Galstyan G.R. D Methods for guantificative assessment of insulin resistance. Obesity and metabolism. 2009;6(2):19-23. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5313</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(7):777-822. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2008-0024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornier MA, Dabelea D, Hernandez TL, et al. The metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(7):777-822. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2008-0024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avgerinos I, Manolopoulos A, Michailidis T, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose‐lowering drugs as adjunctive therapy for adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2021;23(3):822-831. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14291</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avgerinos I, Manolopoulos A, Michailidis T, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose‐lowering drugs as adjunctive therapy for adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2021;23(3):822-831. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14291</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolosowicz M, Lukaszuk B, Chabowski A. The Causes of Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Place for Quaternary Prevention? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22):8651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228651</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolosowicz M, Lukaszuk B, Chabowski A. The Causes of Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Place for Quaternary Prevention? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22):8651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228651</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской федерации. Клинические рекомендации «Сахарный диабет: ретинопатия диабетическая, макулярный отек диабетический». Доступно по: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/115_2?ysclid=lp2n4ybesx687137202. Ссылка активна на 12.12.2023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Clinical recommendations «Diabetes mellitus: diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema». (In Russ). Доступно по: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/115_2?ysclid=lp2n4ybesx687137202. Ссылка активна на 12.12.2023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldman-Billard S, Larger É, Massin P. Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy after rapid improvement of blood glucose control in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2018;44(1):4-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2017.10.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldman-Billard S, Larger É, Massin P. Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy after rapid improvement of blood glucose control in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2018;44(1):4-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2017.10.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akil H, Burgess J, Nevitt S, Harding SP, Alam U, Burgess P. Early Worsening of Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes After Rapid Improvement in Glycaemic Control: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13(1):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01190-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akil H, Burgess J, Nevitt S, Harding SP, Alam U, Burgess P. Early Worsening of Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes After Rapid Improvement in Glycaemic Control: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13(1):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01190-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shamoon H, others. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-986. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamoon H, others. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-986. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rein P, Boehnel C, Vonbank A, et al. Albuminuria is associated with angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis both in patients with type 2 diabetes and in non–diabetic individuals. European Heart Journal. 2010;31 (Abstract Supplement):802</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rein P, Boehnel C, Vonbank A, et al. Albuminuria is associated with angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis both in patients with type 2 diabetes and in non–diabetic individuals. European Heart Journal. 2010;31 (Abstract Supplement):802</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mottalib A, Kasetty M, Mar JY, Elseaidy T, Ashrafzadeh S, Hamdy O. Weight Management in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17(10):92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-017-0918-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mottalib A, Kasetty M, Mar JY, Elseaidy T, Ashrafzadeh S, Hamdy O. Weight Management in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17(10):92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-017-0918-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polsky S, Ellis SL. Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2015;22(4):277-282. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polsky S, Ellis SL. Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2015;22(4):277-282. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiborn C, Schulze MB. Precision prognostics for the development of complications in diabetes. Diabetologia. 2022;65(11):1867-1882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05731-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiborn C, Schulze MB. Precision prognostics for the development of complications in diabetes. Diabetologia. 2022;65(11):1867-1882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05731-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ежов М.В., Кухарчук В.В., Сергиенко И.В. и др. Нарушения липидного обмена. Клинические рекомендации 2023 // Российский кардиологический журнал. — 2023. — Т. 28. — №5. — С. 250-297. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ezhov MV, Kukharchuk VV, Sergienko IV, et al. Disorders of lipid metabolism. Clinical Guidelines 2023. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2023;28(5):5471. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5471</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
