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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хроническая болезнь почек у пациентов с длительным течением сахарного диабета 1 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic kidney disease in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6009-9872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евлоева</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yevloyeva</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евлоева Мадина Иссаевна, аспирант</p><p>г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11, 117036 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madina I. Yevloyeva, MD, PhD student</p><p>Dmitry Ulyanov street, 11, Moscow, 117036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">madevis_6@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арутюнова Маргарита Станиславовна, аспирант </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita S. Arutyunova, MD, PhD student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rituzik-uezd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-4933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Severina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Северина Анастасия Сергеевна, к.м.н., в.н.с. </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Severina, MD, PhD, leading research associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ansev1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3838-8285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубицына</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubitsyna</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубицына Наталья Петровна, к.м.н., в.н.с. </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Trubitsyna, MD, PhD, leading research associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trubicina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-5594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцева Наталья Владиславовна, к.м.н., в.н.с.</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Zaitseva, MD, PhD, leading research associate</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata.zaec@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-0142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамхалова</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamhalova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамхалова Минара Шамхаловна, д.м.н</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Minara S. Shamhalova, MD, PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamkhalova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестакова Марина Владимировна, д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Shestakova, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>504</fpage><lpage>514</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евлоева М.И., Арутюнова М.С., Северина А.С., Трубицына Н.П., Зайцева Н.В., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шестакова М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евлоева М.И., Арутюнова М.С., Северина А.С., Трубицына Н.П., Зайцева Н.В., Шамхалова М.Ш., Шестакова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yevloyeva M.I., Arutyunova M.S., Severina A.S., Trubitsyna N.P., Zaitseva N.V., Shamhalova M.S., Shestakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13108">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13108</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Пациенты с сахарным диабетом 1 типа (СД1) имеют более ранний возраст дебюта и длительное течение заболевания, уже к среднему возрасту у них наблюдается развитие микрои макрососудистых диабетических осложнений, снижающих качество и продолжительность жизни.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить распространенность хронической болезни почек (ХБП) и других поздних осложнений СД в зависимости от почечной дисфункции в популяции пациентов с СД1 (длительность заболевания 20 и более лет), проходивших обследование и лечение в ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. На основании базы данных ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России было проведено одномоментное одноцентровое эпидемиологическое нерандомизированное исследование с изучением историй болезни 500 пациентов с СД1 длительного течения (20 и более лет) без поражения почек и с ХБП на разных стадиях (ХБП С1–С5, С5Д, С5Т), проходивших обследование и лечение с 2011 по 2023 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Сохранная функция почек, согласно критериям постановки диагноза ХБП, наблюдалась у 10,8% пациентов (n=54). Терминальной стадии ХБП достигли 28,0% (n=140), из которых 12,4% находились на заместительной почечной терапии программным гемодиализом, а 12,0% были после изолированной трансплантации почки или сочетанной трансплантации почки и поджелудочной железы, остальные находились на различных стадиях ХБП. Нормоальбуминурия отмечалась у 15,4% (n=77) пациентов из 500. Распространенность поздних осложнений СД среди обследованных пациентов была высокой и нарастающей по мере прогрессирования почечной дисфункции: диабетическая ретинопатия диагностирована у 96%, дистальная диабетическая полинейропатия — у 97% пациентов, различные формы автономной нейропатии — более чем у половины пациентов. Около 60% пациентов имели диагностированный атеросклероз артерий нижних конечностей, около трети — атеросклероз брахиоцефальных артерий, 23% — подтвержденную ишемическую болезнь сердца, 19% — перенесенные сердечно-сосудистые события (инфаркт миокарда, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения), около половины из которых имели ХБП различной степени выраженности. Факторы повышения риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний: расчетная скорость клубочковой фильтрации (рСКФ)&lt;60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 (отношение шансов (ОШ)=7,1; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 3,6–8,4; p&lt;0,001), рСКФ&lt;30 мл/мин/1,73 м2 (ОШ=8,7; 95% ДИ 2,8–8,4; p&lt;0,001), рСКФ&lt;15 мл/мин/1,73 м2 (ОШ=14; 95% ДИ 6,3–31,3; p&lt;0,001); альбуминурия более 30 мг/г (ОШ=2,4; 95% ДИ 1,6–3,6; p&lt;0,001), диализ (ОШ=14,1; 95% ДИ 6,2–32,1; p&lt;0,001), трансплантация почки (ОШ=11,7; 95% ДИ 5,4–24,9; p&lt;0,001). Манифестация СД1 в 1996–2002 гг. снижала риск развития ХБП в 10,75 раза (95% ДИ 4,37–27,03) vs манифестация СД1 ранее. Возраст дебюта СД1 в 6–17 лет повышал риск достижения терминальной ХБП (тХБП) vs возраст дебюта &gt;18 лет (ОШ=2,4; 95% ДИ 1,22–5,022; р=0,012).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Несмотря на значительное снижение риска развития ХБП у лиц с дебютом СД1 в 1996–2002 гг., почечная дисфункция является частым осложнением у пациентов с длительным течением заболевания, сочетающимся с другими поздними осложнениями и способствующим высокому риску тХБП и сердечно-сосудистых событий. Ранний возраст дебюта СД1 повышает риск тХБП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) have an earlier age of onset and a longer course of the disease, already by middle age they have the development of microand macrovascular diabetic complications that reduce the quality and duration of life.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other late complications of T1D depending on renal dysfunction in the population of patients with T1D with disease duration of 20 and more years, who underwent examination and treatment in Endocrinology Research Centre.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A one-stage single-center epidemiological non-randomised study was conducted using the database of Endocrinology Research Centre with the study of 500 patients’medical histories with long-term T1D (20 years and mores), without kidney damage and with CKD at different stages (CKD C1–C5, C5D, after transplantation), examined and treated from 2011 to 2023.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: Normal renal function was observed in 10.8% of patients (n=54). Terminal stage of CKD was reached in 28.0% (n=140), of which 12.4% were on renal replacement therapy with program hemodialysis (RRT-HD), and 12.0% after isolated kidney transplantation or combined kidney and pancreas transplantation, the rest were at different stages of CKD. Normoalbuminuria was observed in 15.4% (n=77) among 500 patients. The prevalence of late complications of DM among the examined patients was high and increasing with the progression of renal dysfunction: diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in 96% of patients, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy — in 97% of patients, various forms of autonomic neuropathy — in more than half of patients. About 60% of patients had diagnosed arterial atherosclerosis in the legs, about one third — atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries, 23% — confirmed coronary heart disease, and suffered cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, acute cerebral circulation disorder) — 19% of patients, about half of whom had CKD of different severity. Factors for increased risk of cardiovascular disease: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)&lt;60 mL/min/1.73m2, OR=7.1; 95% CI 3.6–8.4; p&lt;0.001), eGFR &lt;30 mL/min/1.73m2 OR=8.7; 95% CI 2.8–8.4; p&lt;0.001), eGFR &lt;15 mL/min/1.73m2 OR=14; 95% CI 6.3–31.3; p&lt;0.001); albuminuria &gt; 30 mg/g OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.6–3.6; p&lt;0.001), dialysis OR=14.1; 95% CI 6.2–32.1; p&lt;0.001), kidney transplant OR=11.7; 95% CI 5.4–24.9; p&lt;0.001). Manifestation of T1D between 1996–2002 reduced the risk of developing CKD by 10.75; 95% CI 4.37; 27.03) vs manifestation of T1D earlier. Age of T1D debut 6–17 years increased the risk of reaching terminal CKD vs age of debut &gt;18 years: OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.22; 5.022; p=0.012).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: Despite a significant reduction in the risk of developing CKD in individuals with T1D debut between 1996 and 2002, renal dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients with a long disease course, combining with other late complications and contributing to a high risk of terminal stage of CKD and cardiovascular events. Early age of T1D debut increases the risk of terminal CKD.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 1 типа</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>микрососудистые осложнения</kwd><kwd>макрососудистые осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 1 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>microvascular complications</kwd><kwd>macrovascular complications</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках выполнения Государственного задания Минздрава РФ № 123021000038-6.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregory GA, Robinson TIG, Linklater SE, et al. Global incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes in 2021 with projection to 2040: a modelling study. 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