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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническая характеристика пациенток с различными подтипами гестационного сахарного диабета: результаты исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical characteristics of patients with different subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus: research results</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-7835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Наталья Ивановна - д.м.н., профессор.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya I. Volkova - MD, PhD, Professor.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_i_volkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-681X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давиденко</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davidenko</surname><given-names>I. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давиденко Илья Юрьевич - к.м.н., доцент.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya Y. Davidenko - MD, Associate Professor.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">davidenko.iu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-4383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярева</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtiareva</surname><given-names>Y. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дегтярева Юлия Сергеевна - н.с.</p><p>344022, Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iuliia S. Degtiareva - researcher.</p><p>29, Nakhichevan lane, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.s.degtiareva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1856-3402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокина Юлия Алексеевна - к.м.н., ассистент.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia A. Sorokina</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shitova.julia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6399-5007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авруцкая</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avrutskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авруцкая Валерия Викторовна - д.м.н., доцент, профессор.</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria V. Avrutskaya - MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Professor.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.Avrutskaya@rniiap.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>336</fpage><lpage>346</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волкова Н.И., Давиденко И.Ю., Дегтярева Ю.С., Сорокина Ю.А., Авруцкая В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волкова Н.И., Давиденко И.Ю., Дегтярева Ю.С., Сорокина Ю.А., Авруцкая В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volkova N.I., Davidenko I.Y., Degtiareva Y.S., Sorokina Y.A., Avrutskaya V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13105">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13105</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) — одно из наиболее часто встречающихся заболеваний во время беременности, распространенность которого будет увеличиваться. На сегодняшний день имеются данные, показывающие, что не все беременные с ГСД имеют одинаковые риски развития акушерских и перинатальных осложнений. Выделение пациенток с повышенным риском развития осложнений может оказаться необходимым с учетом увеличения распространенности ГСД. Потребность в более детальном изучении подтипов ГСД, разработки методов диагностики подтипов для определения пациенток с высоким риском осложнений легла в основу исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Определение анамнестических, фенотипических и биохимических характеристик подтипов ГСД для дальнейшей разработки методов диагностики и лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Одноцентровое наблюдательное проспективное исследование выполнено на базе кафедры внутренних болезней №3 ФГБОУ ВО Ростовского государственного медицинского университета Минздрава Российской Федерации в период с апреля 2021-го по август 2022 гг. В исследование включены 130 беременных женщин. Участницам проводился пероральный глюкозотолерантный тест с 75 г глюкозы с оценкой уровня глюкозы венозной плазмы и инсулина натощак, через 60 и 120 минут проводился забор крови натощак для определения уровней общего холестерина, триглицеридов, липопротеинов высокой плотности, липопротеинов низкой плотности, аполипопротеина А, аполипопротеина В, адипонектина, лептина и оментина, гликированного гемоглобина, С-реактивного белка. Все участницы исследования прошли сбор анамнеза и физикальный осмотр с оценкой индекса массы тела (ИМТ), артериального давления, признаков acanthosis nigricans, анкетирование. При обнаружении ГСД проводились расчеты индекса Matsuda: при получении значения &gt;50-го процентиля в сравнении со значениями беременных без нарушений углеводного обмена мы классифицировали пациентку как имеющую ГСД с преобладающей дисфункцией β-клеток. Если значение индекса составляло &lt;50-го процентиля, мы относили пациентку в группу ГСД с преобладающей инсулинорезистентностью.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Беременные с выраженной инсулинорезистентностью были старше, имели выше ИМТ до наступления беременности, большую прибавку веса с момента зачатия и до конца второго триместра, чаще имели признаки acanthosis nigricans в сравнении с пациентками с ГСД и дисфункцией β-клеток. Также при сравнении пациенток с различными подтипами ГСД были выявлены многочисленные биохимические различия (по уровням триглицеридов, аполипоротеинов А и В, С-реактивного белка, гликированного гемоглобина и адипонектина). Помимо этого, выявлены особенности питания и физической активности.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Мы продемонстрировали выраженные анамнестическую, фенотипическую и биохимическую неоднородность у пациенток с различными подтипами ГСД, что может стать основной для дальнейшей разработки способа верификации подтипов ГСД.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common diseases during pregnancy. To date, there is evidence showing that not all pregnant women with GDM have the same risks of developing complications. Identification of patients at increased risk of complications may be necessary given the increasing prevalence of GDM. The need for a more detailed study of GDM subtypes to identify patients at high risk of complications formed the basis of the study.</p></sec><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>PURPOSE. Determination of anamnestic, phenotypic, and biochemical characteristics of GDM subtypes for the further development of diagnostic and treatment methods.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. A single-center observational prospective study was carried out at the Department of Internal Medicine No. 3 of the Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the period from April 2021 to August 2022. The study included 130 pregnant women. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose assessing fasting, 60- and 120-minutes venous plasma glucose and insulin levels, and fasting blood was drawn to determine levels of main lipid metabolism indicators, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B, adiponectin, leptin and omentin, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein. All study participants underwent anamnesis and physical ­examination with assessment of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, signs of acanthosis nigricans, and a questionnaire. When GDM was detected, the Matsuda index was calculated: &gt;50th percentile in comparison with the values of pregnant women without carbohydrate metabolism disorders, the patient belonged to the group of GDM with β-cell dysfunction; &lt;50th percentile - to the GDM group with predominant insulin resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</title><p>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Women with GDM and insulin resistance were older, had a higher BMI before pregnancy, greater weight gain, and more often had signs of acanthosis nigricans compared to patients with GDM and β-cell dysfunction. Also, when comparing patients with different subtypes of GDM, numerous biochemical differences and lifestyle features were identified..</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. We demonstrated pronounced anamnestic, phenotypic, and biochemical heterogeneity in patients with different subtypes of GDM, which may become the basis for the further development of verification of GDM subtypes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>подтипы</kwd><kwd>инсулинорезистентность</kwd><kwd>дисфункция бета-клеток</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes</kwd><kwd>subtypes</kwd><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>dysfunction of beta cells</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (тема №21052700088-0 от 27.05.2021 г.)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ. IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition scientific committee. 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