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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13032</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13032</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Юбилей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Jubilee Greetings</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нобелевские открытия в истории обмена веществ и диабетологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nobel prize winners in metabolism history and diabetology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эль-Тарави</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>El-Taravi</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эль-Тарави Ясмин Ахмед Али.</p><p>117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Researcher ID: GNW-6289-2022; Scopus Author ID: 57222549640</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yasmin A. El-Taravi.</p><p>11 Dm. Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow</p><p>Researcher ID: GNW-6289-2022; Scopus Author ID: 57222549640</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yasmineltaravi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрикенова</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erikenova</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эрикенова Диана Кемаловна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana K. Erikenova.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diana.erikenova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-142X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одарченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odarchenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Одарченко Арина Сергеевна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina S. Odarchenko.</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arina.odarchencko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-8509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магеррамова</surname><given-names>С. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magerramova</surname><given-names>S. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магеррамова Сара Тофиковна.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sara T. Magerramova.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sara.magerramova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestakova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестакова Марина Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Shestakova - MD, PhD, Professor.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nephro@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>375</fpage><lpage>381</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эль-Тарави Я.А., Эрикенова Д.К., Одарченко А.С., Магеррамова С.Т., Шестакова М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эль-Тарави Я.А., Эрикенова Д.К., Одарченко А.С., Магеррамова С.Т., Шестакова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">El-Taravi Y.A., Erikenova D.K., Odarchenko A.S., Magerramova S.T., Shestakova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13032">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13032</self-uri><abstract><p>XX в. стал столетием масштабных открытий и их широкого признания во всех уголках мира. Отдельного внимания заслуживают исследования, посвященные скрупулезному и беспристрастному изучению обмена веществ и его роли в жизнедеятельности всех живых организмов. Химические, физические и биологические реакции метаболизма являются основой жизни на нашей планете, а точное представление об этих реакциях является ключом к пониманию всех энергических процессов, происходящих в живых организмах. Изучению обменных процессов посвятили научную карьеру многие ученые, и наиболее фундаментальные и знаковые их открытия были отмечены Нобелевской премией по физиологии и медицине. Данная награда, которая является наиболее знаковым достижением для любого ученого, присуждается с начала XX в. за наиболее выдающиеся открытия для всего человечества. В данном обзоре литературы освещены наиболее важные, на наш взгляд, открытия ХХ в., связанные с обменом веществ и сыгравшие ключевую роль в понимании работы всех живых организмов: каталитическая конверсия гликогена (цикл Кори), цикл трикарбоновых кислот (цикл Кребса) и роль гормонов передней доли гипофиза в метаболизме глюкозы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The 20th century was the time of large-scale discoveries and their widespread recognition. Metabolism studies and their role in living organisms deserve special attention. The chemical, physical, and biological metabolic reactions are the basis of life. Known details of these reactions are the key to understanding energy processes occurring in living organisms. Many scientists have devoted their scientific careers to the study different metabolic processes, and their most fundamental and landmark discoveries have been awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This award, the most iconic achievement for any scientist, has been given since the beginning of the 20th century for the most outstanding discoveries for all mankind. This review of the literature highlights the most important metabolic discoveries of the 20th century that have played a key role in understanding how all living organisms work: the catalytic conversion of glycogen (Cori cycle), the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and cholesterol and the role of adenohypophysis hormones in glucose metabolism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лауреат Нобелевской премии</kwd><kwd>обмен веществ</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>цикл Кребса</kwd><kwd>цикл Кори</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Nobel Prize winner</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>Krebs cycle</kwd><kwd>Cori cycle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Chemical Society. Carl and Gerty Cori and Carbohydrate Metabolism [cited 03.04.2022]. 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