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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM13023</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-13023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние времени приема пищи на постпрандиальную гликемию у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа и ожирением, не получающих инсулин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of meal time on postprandial glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity not receiving insulin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-8711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мисникова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Misnikova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мисникова Инна Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук.</p><p>Москва</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 559756</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Misnikova - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 559756</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna-misnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1680-3236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золоева</surname><given-names>Д. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zoloeva</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Золоева Дзерасса Эльбрусовна.</p><p>129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzerassa Е. Zoloeva - MD.</p><p>Shchepkina street 61/2, 129110, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zolodz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-0638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глазков Алексей Андреевич – кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>Москва</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57199329515, Researcher ID: R-7373-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Glazkov - MD, PhD.</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57199329515, Researcher ID: R-7373-2016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">staaglz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>455</fpage><lpage>463</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мисникова И.В., Золоева Д.Э., Глазков А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мисникова И.В., Золоева Д.Э., Глазков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Misnikova I.V., Zoloeva D.E., Glazkov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13023">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13023</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</title><p>ОБОСНОВАНИЕ. Риск развития микро- и макрососудистых заболеваний у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2) увеличивается на фоне постпрандиальной гипергликемии (ППГ). Циркадные ритмы могут оказывать влияние на ППГ, которая может определять вариабельность гликемии в течение дня. По данным литературы, у лиц без СД2 ППГ максимальна после ужина. Особенности постпрандиального ответа у пациентов с СД2 недостаточно изучены.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучить вариабельность постпрандиальной гликемии на основании флеш-мониторинга глюкозы в зависимости от времени приема пищи (завтрак, обед, ужин) у пациентов с СД2, не получающих инсулин.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В открытое проспективное исследование включались пациенты с СД2, не получающие инсулин. Всем были установлены датчики для проведения флеш-мониторирования гликемии (ФМГ) FreeStyleLibre. Каждому пациенту проведено 9 тестов с различными видами пищевых нагрузок (вареной гречкой 250 г, яблоком 200 г и белым хлебом 30 г) в завтрак, обед и ужин.</p><p>Проведены статистический анализ ППГ по площади под гликемической кривой глюкозы крови (AUC ГК) и площади под гликемической кривой за вычетом базового уровня гликемии глюкозы крови (delta AUC ГК), анализ гликемии перед приемами пищи (Start_gly). Статистический анализ был выполнен в среде разработки RStudio 2022.02.3 с помощью языка R версии 4.1.2. Для количественных переменных представлены средние арифметические значения и стандартные отклонения (M±SD).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Всего в исследование включены 48 пациентов с СД2, не получающих инсулин. В окончательный анализ включены данные 35 пациентов, 315 тестов с пищевыми нагрузками. Было показано, что время приема пищи (р=0,003) оказывает значительное влияние на ППГ AUC ГК. Максимальные значения AUC ГК наблюдались после завтрака (р=0,005 по сравнению с ужином, р&lt;0,001 по сравнению с обедом). Для delta AUC ГК также выявлено значимое влияние времени приема пищи (р=0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. У пациентов с СД2, не получающих инсулин, максимальный подъем гликемии в ответ на прием пищи отмечен в утренние часы, тогда как, по имеющимся литературным данным, у лиц с нормогликемией ППГ максимальна после ужина. Это расхождение в постпрандиальном ответе в зависимости от времени приема пищи, возможно, связано с нарушениями циркадных ритмов у пациентов с СД2.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND: Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPG) is associated with micro- and macrovascular diseases in patients with T2DM. Severity of postprandial peaks depends on composition and amount of food. Circadian rhythms can influence PPG, which may determine variability of glycemia during day. According to literature, in persons without T2DM, PPG is maximum after dinner. Features of the postprandial response in patients with T2DM are not effective enough.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM: To assess variability of postprandial glycemia based on flash glucose monitoring (FGM) depending on meal times in patients with T2DM not receiving insulin.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Open prospective study. T2DM patients were managed on FMG FreeStyle Libre. Each patient carried out 9 tests with three types of food loads: boiled buckwheat (250 grams), apple (200 grams) and white bread (30 grams) for breakfast, lunch and dinner.</p><p>Statistical analysis of PPG by area under glycemic curve (AUC) and area under glycemic curve excluding starting glycemia (delta AUC), analysis of glycemia before meals (Start_gly) was carried out. Effect of time of food intake and food type was assessed with a two-way RM ANOVA using R 4.1.2. for quantitative variables, arithmetic means and standard deviations (M±SD) are presented.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: A total of 29 patients were included. Data from 17 patients, 153 food loading tests, were included in analysis. Both food type (p=0.037) and time of food intake (p=0.003) were shown to have a significant effect on the AUC. Maximum AUC values were observed after breakfast (p=0.005 vs supper, p&lt;0.001 vs dinner), and buckwheat intake (p=0.01 vs apple).</p><p>For the delta AUC only type of food (p=0.003) had significant influence. Delta AUC was higher for buckwheat than for apple (p=0.001) and wheat bread (p=0.012).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: Patients with T2DM who do not receive insulin have higher PCG levels after breakfast compared to lunch and dinner, regardless of the type of food load. Rise in glucose after a food load relative to initial values does not significantly differ from time of a meal, which does not coincide with known data on the maximum rise in glycemia on a food stimulus after dinner, which is observed in individuals without DM2.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>флеш-мониторинг глюкозы</kwd><kwd>постпрандиальная гликемия</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>время приема пищи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>flash glucose monitoring</kwd><kwd>postprandial glycemia</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>meal time</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю., и др. 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