diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM12950diaendo-12950Research ArticleОбзорыReviewПредикторы успеха или неудачи в достижении целей гликемического контроля у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа на базальном инсулине: обзор исследований в реальной клинической практикеPredictors of success and failure in achieving glycemic control targets in patients with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin: review of the real-world evidence studieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-8722КлимонтовВ. В.KlimontovV. V.

Климонтов Вадим Валерьевич, д.м.н., профессор

eLibrary SPIN: 1734-4030; Researcher ID: R-7689-2017; Scopus Author ID: 8295977000

630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, д. 2

Vadim V. Klimontov, MD, PhD, Professor

eLibrary SPIN: 1734-4030; Researcher ID: R-7689-2017; Scopus Author ID: 8295977000

2 Timakov street, 630060 Novosibirsk

klimontov@mail.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии — филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»РоссияResearch Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology — Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202228122022256556563Copyright © Климонтов В.В., 20232023Климонтов В.В.Klimontov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12950

Базальный инсулин (БИ) — основная терапевтическая опция у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2), не достигших целевых значений гликемии на пероральных сахароснижающих препаратах и/или агонистах рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1. Результаты эпидемиологических исследований свидетельствуют о том, что большинство больных СД2 не достигают индивидуальных целевых показателей гликемического контроля и на БИ. В данном обзоре проанализированы результаты исследований в реальной клинической практике, в которых оценивались предикторы успеха или неудачи терапии БИ у больных СД2. В ряде исследований продемонстрировано, что отсроченное начало инсулинотерапии с высоким уровнем гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c) на старте лечения снижает вероятность достижения целевых значений гликемического контроля на БИ. Гипогликемия в первые недели или месяцы лечения БИ может являться ограничивающим фактором в достижении целей гликемического контроля и снижать приверженность лечению. Гларгин 300 Ед/мл и деглудек, длительно действующие аналоги инсулина II поколения, продемонстрировали больший потенциал в снижении уровня HbA1c при меньшем риске гипогликемии по сравнению с другими БИ в исследованиях в условиях реальной клинической практики. В исследованиях DUNE, ATOS и других показан недостаток титрации дозы инсулина у больных СД2, нуждающихся в назначении или интенсификации лечения БИ. Низкая приверженность лечению (пропуск инъекций, неправильный выбор дозы, временное или постоянное прекращение введения инсулина), нарушения техники инъекций инсулина и формирование участков липогипертрофии в местах инъекций также являются широко распространенными проблемами, препятствующими достижению хорошего гликемического контроля у этих больных. Следовательно, обучение пациентов c акцентом на технику инъекций, принципы титрации дозы и профилактику гипогликемии, а также применение аналогов БИ II поколения повышают шансы на успех в достижении целей гликемического контроля больных СД2, начинающих лечение БИ или нуждающихся в интенсификации терапии БИ.

Basal insulin (BI) is the main therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who have not reached glycemic targets on oral antidiabetic drugs and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. The results of epidemiological studies indicate that the majority of patients with T2D do not achieve the targeted parameters of glycemic control on BI in the real-world settings. In this review the results of real-world evidence studies assessing predictors of success or failure of BI therapy in patients with T2D are we summarized. A number of studies have demonstrated that delayed initiation of insulin therapy with a high level of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the start of the treatment reduces achieving glycemic control targets on BI. Hypoglycemia in the first weeks or months of BI treatment may reduce the adherence and persistence to treatment and likelihood of achieving treatment targets. In real-world evidence studies, glargine 300 U/mL and degludec, the long-acting second-generation insulin analogues, have shown greater potential in reduction of HbA1c levels with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia compared to other BIs. In the DUNE, ATOS, and some others studies, a lack of insulin dose titration in newly initiated BI users and those who needed treatment intensification was demonstrated. Poor treatment adherence and persistence (missed injections, incorrect dose selection, and temporary or permanent discontinuation of insulin therapy), deviations in insulin injection technique, and formation of lipohypertrophy at the injection sites are also common problems that prevent good glycemic control in these patients. Therefore, patient education with a focus on injection technique, dose titration and prevention of hypoglycemia, as well as the use of the second-generation BI analogs, increases the chances for achieving glycemic control targets in patients with T2D who initiate or need to intensify BI therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.