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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM12933</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12933</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сахарный диабет — метаболическое прекондиционирование в защите сердца от ишемического повреждения?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus — metabolic preconditioning in protecting the heart from ischemic damage?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-2497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондратьева Дина Степановна, к.б.н., с.н.с.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 4628-2021</p><p>634012, Томск, ул. Киевская, д. 111а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina S. Kondratieva, PhD in Biology, senior research associate</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 4628-2021</p><p>111a Kievskaja street, 634012 Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dina@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6066-3998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasiev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Сергей Александрович, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7625-0960</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Afanasiev, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 7625-0960</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tursky@cardio-tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-2161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муслимова</surname><given-names>Э. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muslimova</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муслимова Эльвира Фаритовна, к.м.н., н.с.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 4121-4198</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvira F. Muslimova, PhD, research associate</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 4121-4198</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">muslimovEF@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт кардиологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>548</fpage><lpage>555</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кондратьева Д.С., Афанасьев С.А., Муслимова Э.Ф., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кондратьева Д.С., Афанасьев С.А., Муслимова Э.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kondratieva D.S., Afanasiev S.A., Muslimova E.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12933">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12933</self-uri><abstract><p>Негативное влияние сахарного диабета (СД) на сердечно-сосудистую систему подтверждено многочисленными клиническими исследованиями. Однако существуют экспериментальные исследования, в которых показано повышение устойчивости сердца к ишемическим и реперфузионным повреждениям у животных с СД. Этот феномен характеризуется меньшим размером зоны инфаркта, лучшим сохранением сократительной функции миокарда, меньшей частотой возникновения ишемических и реперфузионных аритмий. Предполагается, что на определенной стадии развития СД формируется «метаболическое окно», при котором метаболические изменения на клеточном уровне запускают адаптивные механизмы, способствующие повышению жизнеспособности кардиомиоцитов. Опубликованные данные подтверждают, что выраженность защитного действия, индуцированного СД, сопоставима, а в некоторых случаях даже превышает эффект феномена прекондиционирования. Признается, что механизмы, обеспечивающие защиту сердца от ишемических и реперфузионных повреждений на фоне СД, являются универсальными и связаны с модуляцией антиоксидантной системы, факторов апоптоза, провоспалительных цитокинов, а также сигнальных систем, обеспечивающих выживаемость клеток. Одним из основных патогенетических факторов при СД является гипергликемия, однако при стрессе она выполняет роль адаптивного механизма, направленного на удовлетворение повышенной потребности в энергии в патологических условиях. На определенном этапе СД гипергликемия становится пусковым механизмом развития защитных эффектов и активирует не только сигнальные пути, но и перестройку энергетического метаболизма, что позволяет поддерживать продукцию аденозинтрифосфата на достаточном уровне для сохранения жизнедеятельности клеток сердца в условиях ишемии/реперфузии. Возможно, повышенный уровень глюкозы, сопровождающийся активацией инсулиннезависимых механизмов поступления ее в клетки, а также доступностью этого энергетического субстрата, будет способствовать лучшему восстановлению энергопродукции в клетках сердца после инфаркта, что, в свою очередь, существенно снизит степень повреждения миокарда и будет способствовать сохранению сократительной функции сердца. Выявление условий и механизмов кардиопротекторного феномена, индуцированного СД, позволит моделировать метаболическое состояние, при котором реализуется защита клеток сердца от повреждающих факторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The negative impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the cardiovascular system has been confirmed by numerous clinical studies. However, there are experimental studies that show an increase in the resistance of the heart to ischemic and reperfusion damage in animals with DM. This phenomenon is characterized by a smaller size of the infarct zone, better preservation of the contractile function of the myocardium, and a lower incidence of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias. It is assumed that at a certain stage in the development of DM, a “metabolic window” is formed, in which metabolic alterations at the cellular level trigger adaptive mechanisms that increase the viability of cardiomyocytes. Published data confirm that the magnitude of the protective effect induced by DM is comparable to, and in some cases even exceeds, the effect of the preconditioning phenomenon. It is recognized that the mechanisms that protect the heart from ischemic and reperfusion damage against the background of DM are universal and are associated with the modulation of the antioxidant system, apoptosis factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and signaling systems that ensure cell survival. The one of the main pathogenic factor in DM is hyperglycemia, but under stress it plays the role of an adaptive mechanism aimed at meeting the increased energy demand in pathological conditions. Probably, at a certain stage of DM, hyperglycemia becomes a trigger for the development of protective effects and activates not only signaling pathways, but also the restructuring of energy metabolism, which makes it possible to maintain ATP production at a sufficient level to maintain the vital activity of heart cells under ischemia/reperfusion conditions. It is possible that an increased level of glucose, accompanied by the activation of insulin-independent mechanisms of its entry into cells, as well as the availability of this energy substrate, will contribute to a better restoration of energy production in heart cells after a infarction, which, in turn, will significantly reduce the degree of myocardial damage and will help preserve the contractile function of the heart. Identification of the conditions and mechanisms of the cardioprotective phenomenon induced by DM will make it possible to simulate the metabolic state in which the protection of cardiomyocytes from damaging factors is realized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>кардиопротекция</kwd><kwd>метаболическое прекондиционирование</kwd><kwd>ишемические и реперфузионные повреждения</kwd><kwd>гипергликемия</kwd><kwd>энергетический метаболизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>cardioprotection</kwd><kwd>metabolic preconditioning</kwd><kwd>ischemic and reperfusion injury</kwd><kwd>hyperglycemia</kwd><kwd>energy metabolism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы фундаментальных научных исследований по гос. заданию №122020300183-4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dauriz M, Mantovani A, Bonapace S, et al. 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