diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM12833diaendo-12833Research ArticleОбзорыReviewВакцинация больных сахарным диабетомVaccination of patients with diabetes mellitushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-127XШестаковаМ. В.ShestakovaM. V.

Шестакова Марина Владимировна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН; eLibrary SPIN: 7584-7015.

Москва

Marina V. Shestakova - MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 7584-7015

Moscow

shestakova.mv@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-2596НиконоваТ. В.NikonovaT. V.

Никонова Татьяна Васильевна - доктор медицинских наук; eLibrary SPIN: 8863-0201.

117036, Москва, ул. Дм. ­Ульянова, д. 11

Tatiana V. Nikonova - MD, PhD; eLibrary SPIN: 8863-0201

11, Dm. Ul'yanova st., Moscow, 117036

tatiana_nikonova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-7854БарышеваВ. О.BaryshevaV. O.

Барышева Валерия Олеговна - кандидат медицинских наук. eLibrary SPIN: 9620-1989.

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Valeriya O. Barysheva, MD, PhD. eLibrary SPIN: 9620-1989.

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valeriya.bar@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-9742МокрышеваН. Г.MokryshevaN. G.

Мокрышева Наталья Георгиевн - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН; eLibrary SPIN: 5624-3875.

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Natalya G. Mokrysheva - MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 5624-3875.

Moscow

nm70@mail.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation2022230320222515060Copyright © Шестакова М.В., Никонова Т.В., Барышева В.О., Мокрышева Н.Г., 20222022Шестакова М.В., Никонова Т.В., Барышева В.О., Мокрышева Н.Г.Shestakova M.V., Nikonova T.V., Barysheva V.O., Mokrysheva N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12833

Сахарный диабет (СД) является важной медицинской, экономической и социальной проблемой во всем мире. Инфекционные заболевания у лиц с СД, как правило, протекают более тяжело, с повышенной частотой ­госпитализаций и осложнений. Наличие хронической гипергликемии приводит к снижению иммунной функции и повышению предрасположенности к инфекции. Инфекция способствует поддержанию гипергликемии, которая, в свою очередь, еще больше ухудшает течение инфекции, таким образом, образуется порочный круг нарушений.

Массовая вакцинация с акцентом на людей, относящихся к группе повышенного риска, снижает количество инфицированных, госпитализированных, а также имеет явные экономические преимущества. Тем не менее во многих странах доля вакцинированных больных СД остается низкой.

Вакцинопрофилактика в России регламентируется рядом нормативных правовых актов, из которых основным является Федеральный закон от 17.09.1998 № 157-ФЗ (ред. от 02.07.2021) «Об иммунопрофилактике инфекционных болезней». В каждой стране существуют Национальный календарь профилактических прививок, где приведена схема плановой вакцинации в конкретном возрасте от инфекций, которые имеют широкую распространенность и/или представляют серьезную опасность для здоровья и жизни, а также Национальный календарь профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям. В России эти документы утверждены Приказом Минздрава РФ от 21 марта 2014 г. № 125н «Об утверждении национального календаря профилактических прививок и календаря профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям».

В данной статье обсуждается вакцинация от наиболее социально значимых инфекций, ассоциированных с высокой распространенностью во всем мире и повышенными рисками среди лиц с СД, особое внимание уделено вакцинации против новой коронавирусной инфекции.

Diabetes mellitus stays an important medical, economic and social problem worldwide. Infectious diseases in people with diabetes mellitus are often more severe with an increased frequency of hospitalizations and complications. The presence of chronic hyperglycemia leads to decreased immune function and an increased predisposition to infections. Infections lead to uncontrolled hyperglycemia, which worsens the course of infections, thus forming a vicious circle of violations.

Mass vaccination with an emphasis on people belonging to the high-risk group reduces the number of infected and, hospitalized people, and also has clear economic advantages. However, in many countries the proportion of vaccinated remains low.

Vaccine prophylaxis in Russia is regulated by a number of regulatory legal acts, of which the main one is Federal Law No. 157-FZ of September 17, 1998 (edited on July 2, 2021) «About Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases». Each country has a National Vaccination Schedule, which shows a routine vaccination schedule at a specific age against infections that are widespread and / or pose a serious threat to health and life), as well as a National Epidemic Indication Vaccination Schedule. In Russia, these documents are approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of March 21, 2014 N 125n «About the approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications.»

This article discusses vaccination against the most socially significant infections associated with a high worldwide prevalence and increased risk among people with diabetes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.