<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">diaendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сахарный диабет</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-0351</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2072-0378</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology research centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/DM12812</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">diaendo-12812</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Studies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногистохимические особенности костной ткани стопы у больных диабетической нейроостеоартропатией при сахарном диабете 2 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunohistochemical features of the bone tissue of the lower extremities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2474-9924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токмакова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokmakova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Токмакова Алла Юрьевна - доктор медицинских наук; eLibrary SPIN: 7479-7043.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla Yu. Tokmakova - MD, PhD; eLibrary SPIN: 7479-7043.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alla-tokmakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9753-3599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коган</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogan</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коган Евгения Алтаровна - профессор, доктор медицинских наук; eLibrary SPIN: 2709-2449.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Kogan - MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 2709-2449</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koganevg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-019X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайцева Екатерина Леонидовна - кандидат медицинских наук; eLibrary SPIN: 1075-3022.</p><p>117036, Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina L. Zaitseva - MD, PhD; eLibrary SPIN: 1075-3022.</p><p>11 Dm.Ulyanova street, 117036 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zai.kate@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9717-5496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демура</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demura</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демура Софья Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук; eLibrary SPIN: 9220-4883.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofia A. Demura - MD, PhD; eLibrary SPIN: 9220-4883</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sarah3618@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7183-0456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жарков Николай Владимирович - старший лаборант; eLibrary SPIN: 8812-9731</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Zharkov - senior laboratory assistant; eLibrary SPIN: 8812-9731</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zharkov_n_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каландия</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalandiya</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каландия Мария Малхазовна - клинический аспирант.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya M. Kalandiya - PhD student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marika525@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-4521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галстян</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galstyan</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галстян Гагик Радикович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор; eLibrary SPIN: 9815-7509.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gagik R. Galstyan - MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 9815-7509</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galstyangagik964@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>448</fpage><lpage>455</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Токмакова А.Ю., Коган Е.А., Зайцева Е.Л., Демура С.А., Жарков Н.В., Каландия М.М., Галстян Г.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Токмакова А.Ю., Коган Е.А., Зайцева Е.Л., Демура С.А., Жарков Н.В., Каландия М.М., Галстян Г.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tokmakova A.Y., Kogan E.A., Zaitseva E.L., Demura S.A., Zharkov N.V., Kalandiya M.M., Galstyan G.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12812">https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12812</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Диабетическая нейроостеоартропатия (ДНОАП, стопа Шарко) — серьезное инвалидизирующее осложнение сахарного диабета как 1, так и 2 типа, которое при отсутствии своевременного адекватного лечения может приводить к формированию длительно не заживающих раневых дефектов стопы и значительно повышать риск высокой ампутации пораженной конечности. В настоящее время причины и механизм развития стопы Шарко до конца неясны. Крайне актуальными являются определение патофизиологических механизмов ее формирования и поиск достоверных маркеров-предикторов данной патологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить иммуногистохимические особенности костной ткани стопы у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2) и ДНОАП по сравнению с лицами c СД2 без этого позднего осложнения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В ходе хирургического вмешательства на стопе выполнен забор фрагмента скелета стопы для выполнения иммуногистохимического исследования маркеров рецепторов к PINP, PIIINP и конечным продуктам гликирования (КПГ) в группе больных с ДНОАП по сравнению с группой контроля.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование включены 20 пациентов с СД2 и нейропатической формой синдрома диабетической стопы, которые были разделены на 2 группы: 10 пациентов с ДНОАП составили 1-ю группу, 10 пациентов без ДНОАП — 2-ю группу. Пациенты обеих групп были сопоставимы по возрасту, длительности СД2, уровню гликемического контроля. В результате иммуногистохимического исследования было зафиксировано значимое усиление интенсивности окрашивания маркеров рецепторов к N-терминальному пропептиду проколлагена I типа (PINP), N-терминальному пропептиду проколлагена III типа (PIIINP) и КПГ в группе пациентов с ДНОАП по сравнению с группой контроля (p&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Впервые проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование маркеров костной резорбции и КПГ у лиц с СД2 и ДНОАП. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о нарушении коллагенообразования и, как следствие, — формирования и резорбции кости у пациентов с ДНОАП: в 1-й группе выявлено статистически значимое повышение экспрессии PINP, PIIINP и КПГ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy is a serious disabling complication of diabetes mellitus, which, in the absence of timely correct treatment, can lead to high amputations of the affected limb. At present, the reasons and mechanism of the development of Charcot’s foot are not completely clear. It is extremely important to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of DNOAP formation and to search for reliable markers-predictors of this pathology.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To study the immunohistochemical characteristics of the bone tissue of the lower extremities in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy in comparison with patients with diabetes mellitus without this pathology.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: During the foot surgery, a bone fragment of the foot was harvested for immunohistochemical study of receptor markers for PINP, PIIINP, and RAGE in the group of patients with DNOAP compared with the control group.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The study included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and were divided into 2 groups: 10 patients with DNOAP made up group 1, 10 patients without DNOAP — group 2.</p><p>Patients in both groups were comparable in AGE, experience with type 2 diabetes, and glycemic control.</p><p>During the immunohistochemical study, a significant increase in the staining intensity of receptor markers for PINP, PIIINP, and AGE was recorded in the group of patients with DNOAP compared with the control group (p &lt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: For the first time, an immunohistochemical study of markers of bone resorption and AGE was carried out in persons with DNOAP. The results obtained indicate impaired collagen formation and, as a consequence, impaired bone formation and bone resorption in patients with DNOAP: in group 1, a statistically significant increase in the expression of PINP, PIIINP, and RAGE was revealed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>нейроостеоартропатия</kwd><kwd>маркеры</kwd><kwd>костный метаболизм</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимическое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes</kwd><kwd>diabetic foot</kwd><kwd>neuroosteoarthropathy</kwd><kwd>markers</kwd><kwd>bone metabolism</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>AGE</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках НИР «Иммунологические, биохимические и гуморальные факторы и их роль в терапевтическом прогнозе при сахарном диабете 2 типа». Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам отделения диабетической стопы ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Мин­здрава России, врачам-лаборантам и сотрудникам кафедры патологической анатомии ПМГМУ им. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет) за ­помощь в подготовке и получении результатов для данной публикации</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svendsen OL, Rabe OC, Winther-Jensen M, Allin KH. How Common Is the Rare Charcot Foot in Patients With Diabetes? Diabetes Care. 2021;44(4):e62-e63. doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2590</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frykberg RG, Belczyk R. Epidemiology of the Charcot Foot. Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surger. Elsevier BV; 2008 Jan;25(1):17–28. doi:10.1016/j.cpm.2007.10.001 V</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strotman PK, Reif TJ, Pinzur MS. Charcot Arthropathy of the Foot and Ankle. Foot &amp; Ankle International. SAGE Publications; 2016;37(11):1255–1263. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100716674434</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strotman PK, Reif TJ, Pinzur MS. Charcot Arthropathy of the Foot and Ankle. Foot &amp; Ankle International. SAGE Publications; 2016 Oct 8;37(11):1255–63. doi:10.1177/1071100716674434</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mascarenhas JV, Jude EB. The Charcot Foot as a Complication of Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(12):1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0561-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mascarenhas J V., Jude EB. The Charcot Foot as a Complication of Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Diab Rep. 2014;14(12):1-9. doi:10.1007/s11892-014-0561-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wautier JL, Schmidt AM. Protein glycation: A firm link to endothelial cell dysfunction. CircRes. 2004;95(3):233-238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000137876.28454.64</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wautier JL, Schmidt AM. Protein glycation: A firm link to endothelial cell dysfunction. CircRes. 2004;95(3):233-238. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000137876.28454.64</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saito M, Soshi S, Fujii K. Effect of hyper- and microgravity on collagen post-translational controls of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(9):1695-1705. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.9.1695</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saito M, Soshi S, Fujii K. Effect of hyper- and microgravity on collagen post-translational controls of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. JBoneMinerRes. 2003;18(9):1695-1705. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.9.1695</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seibel MJ. Biochemical markers of bone turnover: part I: biochemistry and variability. Seibel MJ Clin Biochem Rev. 2005;26(4):97-122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biochemical markers of bone turnover: part I: biochemistry and variability. SeibelMJClinBiochemRev. 2005 Nov; 26(4):97-122.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanazawa I. Interaction between bone and glucose metabolism. Endocr J. 2017;64(11):1043-1053. doi: https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanazawa I. Interaction between bone and glucose metabolism. Endocr J. 2017;64(11):1043-1053. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ17-0323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee EJ, Park JH. Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE), Its Ligands, and Soluble RAGE: Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Targets for Human Renal Diseases. Genomics Inform. 2013;11(4):224. doi: https://doi.org/10.5808/gi.2013.11.4.224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee EJ, Park JH. Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE), Its Ligands, and Soluble RAGE: Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Targets for Human Renal Diseases. Genomics Inform. 2013;11(4):224. doi:10.5808/gi.2013.11.4.224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCabe LR. Understanding the pathology and mechanisms of type I diabetic bone loss. J Cellular Biochem. 2007;102:1343–1357. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.21573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCabe LR. Understanding the pathology and mechanisms of type I diabetic bone loss. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2007 102 1343–1357. doi:10.1002/jcb.21573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanguineti R, Puddu A, Mach F, et al. Advanced glycation end products play adverse proinflammatory activities in osteoporosis. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:975872. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/975872</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanguineti R, Puddu A, Mach F, Montecucco F, Viviani GL. Advanced glycation end products play adverse proinflammatory activities in osteoporosis. MediatorsofInflammation 2014 2014 975872. doi:10.1155/2014/975872</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farlay D, Armas LA, Gineyts E, et al. Nonenzymatic glycation and degree of mineralization are higher in bone from fractured patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Bone Mineral Res. 2016;31(1):190–195. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2607</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farlay D, Armas LA, Gineyts E, Akhter MP, Recker RR, Boivin G. Nonenzymatic glycation and degree of mineralization are higher in bone from fractured patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. JournalofBoneandMineralResearch 2016 31 190–195. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2607</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volk SW, Shah SR, Cohen AJ, et al. Type III collagen regulates osteoblastogenesis and the quantity of trabecular bone. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;94(6):621-631. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-014-9843-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volk SW, Shah SR, Cohen AJ, et al. Type III collagen regulates osteoblastogenesis and the quantity of trabecular bone. CalcifTissueInt. 2014;94(6):621-631. doi:10.1007/s00223-014-9843-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
