diaendoСахарный диабетDiabetes mellitus2072-03512072-0378Endocrinology research centre10.14341/DM12727diaendo-12727Research ArticleОбзорыReviewГестационный сахарный диабет: проблемы современного скринингаGestational diabetes mellitus: current screening problemshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-7835ВолковаН. И.VolkovaN. I.

Волкова Наталья Ивановна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор; eLibrary SPIN: 3146-8337/

Ростов-на-Дону

Natalya I. Volkova - MD, PhD, Professor; eLibrary SPIN: 3146-8337.

Rostov-on-Don

n_i_volkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-7134ПаненкоС. О.PanenkoS. O.

Паненко Станислав Олегович - аспирант кафедры внутренних болезней №3.

344022, Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский переулок, д. 29

Stanislav O. Panenko - MD, PhD-student.

29, Nahichevansky av., 344022 Rostov-on-Don

stasrostov555@gmail.comРостовский государственный медицинский университетРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2022230320222517280Copyright © Волкова Н.И., Паненко С.О., 20222022Волкова Н.И., Паненко С.О.Volkova N.I., Panenko S.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.dia-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12727

Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) характеризуется как гипергликемия, впервые обнаруженная во время беременности, но не соответствующая критериям «манифестного» сахарного диабета. ГСД — одно из самых распространенных гестационных осложнений. Данная патология связана со многими неблагоприятными исходами беременности как со стороны матери, так и плода. Проблема выявления ГСД приобрела особую актуальность и значимость для системы здравоохранения в настоящий момент в связи с неуклонным ростом распространенности таких факторов риска ГСД, как ожирение и поздняя беременность. История скрининга и диагностики ГСД за непродолжительное время претерпела ряд существенных изменений. На сегодняшний день разные клинические рекомендации предлагают неодинаковые подходы к скринингу ГСД, таким образом, до сих пор не был сформулирован и принят унифицированный подход к выявлению данной патологии. Целью этого обзора стали изучение наиболее популярных подходов к выявлению ГСД на 24–28-й неделе беременности, в том числе в историческом контексте их возникновения и развития, описание данных подходов, а также критическая оценка с обсуждением основных достоинств и недостатков каждого из них.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized as hyperglycemia, first detected during pregnancy, yet not meeting the criteria for “manifest” diabetes mellitus. GDM is one of the most common gestational complications. This pathology is associated with many adverse pregnancy outcomes, both on the part of the mother and the fetus. The problem of identifying GDM has acquired particular relevance and significance for the healthcare system at the moment due to the steady increase in the prevalence of such risk factors of GDM as obesity and late pregnancy. The history of screening and diagnosis of GDM has undergone a number of significant changes in a short time. Currently, different clinical guidelines offer different approaches to GDM screening, thus, a unified approach to identifying this pathology has not yet been formulated and adopted. The purpose of this review was to discover the current clinical guidelines for the detection of GDM at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy, including historical context of their origin and development, to describe these approaches, as well as to critically evaluate them with a discussion of the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.